Switch to fetched runtime bundles

Stop treating Firecracker, kernels, modules, and guest images as tracked source files. Source checkouts now resolve runtime assets from ./runtime, while installed binaries keep using ../lib/banger.

Add a small runtimebundle helper plus runtime-bundle.toml so make can bootstrap, package, and install a runtime bundle with checksum validation. Update the shell helpers and daemon path hints to fail clearly when the bundle is missing instead of assuming repo-root artifacts.

This removes the tracked runtime blobs from HEAD in favor of an ignored local runtime/ tree. Verified with go test ./..., make build, bash -n on the shell helpers, make -n install, and a temporary package/fetch smoke test. The manifest URL/SHA still need a published bundle before fresh clones can bootstrap, and history rewrite remains a separate rollout step.

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 state/
+/runtime/
+/dist/
+/banger
+/bangerd
 *.log
 *.sock
 *.pid

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,33 +1,39 @@
 # Repository Guidelines
 
 ## Project Structure & Module Organization
-- `run.sh` is the primary launcher script; it builds the per-VM state and configures Firecracker over the local API socket.
-- `firecracker`, `vmlinux`, and `rootfs.ext4` are runtime artifacts required to boot the guest.
-- `state/` is created at runtime to store per-VM sockets, logs, and metadata (safe to delete when no VMs are running).
-- `firecracker.log` is produced by Firecracker; additional per-VM logs live under `state/vm-*/`.
+- `cmd/banger` and `cmd/bangerd` are the primary user-facing entrypoints.
+- `internal/` contains the daemon, CLI, RPC, storage, Firecracker, and system integration code.
+- `customize.sh`, `make-rootfs.sh`, and `interactive.sh` remain as image-build/customization helpers; normal VM lifecycle and NAT management are handled by the Go control plane.
+- Source checkouts use a generated `./runtime/` bundle for Firecracker, kernels, modules, rootfs images, and helper copies. Those runtime artifacts are not meant to be tracked directly in Git.
+- The daemon keeps state under XDG directories rather than the old repo-local `state/` layout.
 
 ## Build, Test, and Development Commands
-- `./run.sh` launches a VM using Firecracker, sets up a bridge/TAP device, and prints the guest IP plus SSH command.
-- `ssh -i "./id_ed25519" root@<guest_ip>` connects to the guest once it boots.
-- `reboot` (inside the guest) shuts down the VM.
-- There is no build step in this repo; binaries and images are checked in.
+- `make build` builds `./banger` and `./bangerd`.
+- `make runtime-bundle` bootstraps `./runtime/` from `runtime-bundle.toml`.
+- `./banger vm create --name testbox` creates and starts a VM.
+- `./banger vm ssh testbox` connects to a running guest.
+- `./banger vm stop testbox` stops a VM while preserving its disks.
+- `./banger tui` launches the terminal UI.
+- `make test` runs `go test ./...`.
+- `./verify.sh` runs the smoke test for the Go VM workflow.
 
 ## Coding Style & Naming Conventions
-- Shell scripts use Bash with `set -euo pipefail`; keep new scripts strict and explicit.
-- Indentation is two spaces in `run.sh`; match existing formatting and quoting style.
-- Filenames are short and descriptive (e.g., `run.sh`, `rootfs.ext4`). Prefer lowercase with dashes or dots.
-- No formatter or linter is configured; keep changes small and readable.
+- Go code should stay small, direct, and standard-library-first unless there is a clear reason otherwise.
+- Shell helpers use Bash with `set -euo pipefail`; keep remaining shell scripts strict and explicit.
+- Prefer lowercase filenames with short descriptive names.
+- Use `gofmt` for Go formatting; no extra formatter is configured for shell files.
 
 ## Testing Guidelines
-- No automated test framework is present.
-- Manual verification: run `./run.sh`, confirm the guest boots, and verify SSH access.
-- If adding tests, document how to run them in this file and keep them self-contained.
+- Primary automated coverage is `go test ./...`.
+- Manual verification for VM lifecycle changes: `./banger vm create`, confirm SSH access, then stop/delete the VM.
+- If you add a new operational workflow, document how to exercise it in `README.md`.
+- For NAT changes, verify both guest outbound access and host rule cleanup, for example with `./verify.sh --nat`.
 
 ## Commit & Pull Request Guidelines
-- Git history uses short, informal commit summaries (e.g., "ignore", "Document expected log noise").
-- Prefer imperative, single-line subjects; keep them under ~50 characters when possible.
-- PRs should describe the change, list any new runtime requirements, and include logs or screenshots if behavior changes.
+- Git history uses short, imperative subjects.
+- Prefer a real commit body when the change affects lifecycle behavior, storage semantics, or host integration.
+- PRs should call out runtime requirements, migration impact, and any host-side verification performed.
 
 ## Security & Configuration Tips
-- The script requires `sudo` and `/dev/kvm` access; avoid committing secrets or private keys.
-- `id_ed25519` is a local SSH key for the guest; rotate or replace it if sharing the repository.
+- The VM workflow requires `sudo` and `/dev/kvm` access; do not commit secrets.
+- `id_ed25519` lives inside the runtime bundle; rotate or replace it before publishing a shared bundle.

Makefile

@@ -8,27 +8,33 @@ BINDIR ?= $(PREFIX)/bin
 LIBDIR ?= $(PREFIX)/lib
 RUNTIMEDIR ?= $(LIBDIR)/banger
 DESTDIR ?=
+RUNTIME_MANIFEST ?= runtime-bundle.toml
+RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR ?= runtime
+RUNTIME_ARCHIVE ?= dist/banger-runtime.tar.gz
 BINARIES := banger bangerd
 GO_SOURCES := $(shell find cmd internal -type f -name '*.go' | sort)
 RUNTIME_EXECUTABLES := firecracker customize.sh dns.sh packages.sh nat.sh namegen
-RUNTIME_DATA_FILES := packages.apt $(wildcard rootfs.ext4) $(wildcard rootfs-docker.ext4)
+RUNTIME_DATA_FILES := packages.apt id_ed25519 rootfs-docker.ext4
+RUNTIME_OPTIONAL_DATA_FILES := rootfs.ext4
 RUNTIME_BOOT_FILES := wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic
 RUNTIME_MODULES_DIR := wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic
 
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := help
 
-.PHONY: help build banger bangerd test fmt tidy clean rootfs install
+.PHONY: help build banger bangerd test fmt tidy clean rootfs install runtime-bundle runtime-package check-runtime
 
 help:
 	@printf '%s\n' \
 	  'Targets:' \
 	  '  make build   Build ./banger and ./bangerd' \
+	  '  make runtime-bundle Download and unpack ./runtime from runtime-bundle.toml' \
+	  '  make runtime-package Package $(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR) into $(RUNTIME_ARCHIVE) and print its SHA256' \
 	  '  make install Build and install binaries plus the runtime bundle into $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR) and $(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)' \
 	  '  make test    Run go test ./...' \
 	  '  make fmt     Format Go sources under cmd/ and internal/' \
 	  '  make tidy    Run go mod tidy' \
 	  '  make clean   Remove built Go binaries' \
-	  '  make rootfs  Rebuild the repo-local default rootfs image'
+	  '  make rootfs  Rebuild the source-checkout default rootfs image in ./runtime'
 
 build: $(BINARIES)
 
@@ -50,11 +56,19 @@ tidy:
 clean:
 	rm -f ./banger ./bangerd
 
-install: build
-	@for path in $(RUNTIME_EXECUTABLES) $(RUNTIME_BOOT_FILES) $(RUNTIME_MODULES_DIR) packages.apt id_ed25519; do \
-		test -e "$$path" || { echo "missing runtime artifact: $$path" >&2; exit 1; }; \
+runtime-bundle:
+	$(GO) run ./cmd/runtimebundle fetch --manifest "$(RUNTIME_MANIFEST)" --out "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)"
+
+runtime-package:
+	$(GO) run ./cmd/runtimebundle package --manifest "$(RUNTIME_MANIFEST)" --runtime-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --out "$(RUNTIME_ARCHIVE)"
+
+check-runtime:
+	@test -d "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" || { echo "missing runtime bundle directory: $(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR); run 'make runtime-bundle'" >&2; exit 1; }
+	@for path in $(RUNTIME_EXECUTABLES) $(RUNTIME_DATA_FILES) $(RUNTIME_BOOT_FILES) $(RUNTIME_MODULES_DIR); do \
+		test -e "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)/$$path" || { echo "missing runtime artifact: $(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)/$$path; run 'make runtime-bundle'" >&2; exit 1; }; \
 	done
-	@test -e rootfs-docker.ext4 || test -e rootfs.ext4 || { echo "missing runtime artifact: rootfs-docker.ext4 or rootfs.ext4" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+install: build check-runtime
 	mkdir -p "$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)"
 	mkdir -p "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)"
 	mkdir -p "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/wtf/root/boot"
@@ -62,13 +76,18 @@ install: build
 	$(INSTALL) -m 0755 ./banger "$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/banger"
 	$(INSTALL) -m 0755 ./bangerd "$(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/bangerd"
 	@for path in $(RUNTIME_EXECUTABLES); do \
-		$(INSTALL) -m 0755 "$$path" "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/$$path"; \
+		$(INSTALL) -m 0755 "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)/$$path" "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/$$path"; \
 	done
 	@for path in $(RUNTIME_DATA_FILES) $(RUNTIME_BOOT_FILES); do \
-		$(INSTALL) -m 0644 "$$path" "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/$$path"; \
+		$(INSTALL) -m 0644 "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)/$$path" "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/$$path"; \
 	done
-	$(INSTALL) -m 0600 id_ed25519 "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/id_ed25519"
-	cp -a "$(RUNTIME_MODULES_DIR)" "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/wtf/root/lib/modules/"
+	@for path in $(RUNTIME_OPTIONAL_DATA_FILES); do \
+		if test -e "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)/$$path"; then \
+			$(INSTALL) -m 0644 "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)/$$path" "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/$$path"; \
+		fi; \
+	done
+	chmod 0600 "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/id_ed25519"
+	cp -a "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)/$(RUNTIME_MODULES_DIR)" "$(DESTDIR)$(RUNTIMEDIR)/wtf/root/lib/modules/"
 
 rootfs:
-	./make-rootfs.sh
+	BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR="$(abspath $(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR))" ./make-rootfs.sh

README.md

@@ -1,182 +1,206 @@
 # banger
 
-Minimal Firecracker launcher.
+Persistent Firecracker development VMs managed through a Go daemon, CLI, and TUI.
 
 ## Requirements
 - Linux host with KVM (`/dev/kvm` access)
 - `sudo`, `ip`, `curl`, `ssh`, `jq`
-- `dmsetup`, `losetup`, `blockdev` (device-mapper snapshot for rootfs)
-- `e2cp`, `e2rm` (writes hostname and resolv.conf into rootfs snapshot)
+- `dmsetup`, `losetup`, `blockdev`
+- `e2cp`, `e2rm`, `debugfs`
+- `mapdns`
 
-## Files
-- `firecracker`: Firecracker binary
-- `wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic`: guest kernel
-- `wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic`: guest initrd
-- `wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic/`: guest kernel modules
-- `rootfs.ext4`: guest root filesystem (base image if present)
-- `rootfs-docker.ext4`: docker-ready guest rootfs (built via `make-rootfs.sh`)
-- `packages.apt`: apt packages baked into rebuilt guest images
-- `id_ed25519`: SSH key for `root`
-- `mapdns`: local DNS mapping CLI used to publish `<vm-name>.vm` → guest IP records
+## Runtime Bundle
+Runtime artifacts are no longer tracked directly in Git. Source checkouts use a
+generated `./runtime/` bundle, while installed binaries use
+`$(prefix)/lib/banger`.
 
-## Run
-```
-./run.sh
+The bundle contains:
+- `firecracker`
+- `wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic`
+- `wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic`
+- `wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic/`
+- `rootfs-docker.ext4`
+- `rootfs.ext4` when present
+- `packages.apt`
+- `id_ed25519`
+- the helper scripts used by image builds and installs
+
+Bootstrap a source checkout explicitly:
+```bash
+make runtime-bundle
 ```
 
-## Experimental Go Control Plane
-There is now an XDG-based Go daemon + CLI prototype alongside the shell scripts.
-It keeps persistent VM/image state in SQLite under your XDG state directory and
-talks over a Unix socket under your XDG runtime directory.
+`make runtime-bundle` reads [`runtime-bundle.toml`](/home/thales/projects/personal/banger/runtime-bundle.toml),
+downloads the published bundle, verifies its SHA256, and unpacks it into
+`./runtime/`. `make install` will not fetch artifacts for you. The manifest
+must point at a published or locally staged bundle before bootstrap can work.
 
-Build it with:
-```
+## Build
+```bash
+make runtime-bundle
 make build
 ```
 
-Or directly with Go:
-```
-go build -o ./banger ./cmd/banger
-go build -o ./bangerd ./cmd/bangerd
+Install into `~/.local/bin` by default, with the runtime bundle under
+`~/.local/lib/banger`:
+```bash
+make install
 ```
 
-Basic usage:
-```
-./banger daemon status
-./banger tui
-./banger vm list
-./banger vm create --name calm-otter --disk-size 16G
-./banger vm set calm-otter --memory 2048 --vcpu 4
-./banger image list
+After `make install`, the installed `banger` and `bangerd` do not need the repo
+checkout to keep working.
+
+## Basic VM Workflow
+Create and boot a VM:
+```bash
+banger vm create --name calm-otter --disk-size 16G
 ```
 
-Notes:
-- `banger` auto-starts the per-user daemon when needed.
-- `banger tui` launches a terminal UI for browsing, creating, editing, and operating VMs.
-- VM configs are persistent by default.
-- RAM, vCPU, and work-disk size edits are stopped-only.
-- The Go image build path currently delegates guest customization to `customize.sh`.
-
-## Run Options
-```
-./run.sh --name calm-otter --vcpu 4 --ram 2048 --overlay-size 12G
-```
-- `--name`: must be unique and match `[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]{0,63}`.
-- `--vcpu`: defaults to 2, max 16.
-- `--ram`: MiB, defaults to 1024, max 32768.
-- `--overlay-size`: writable dm-snapshot size for VM changes under `/`, including `/root` and `/var` (default: 8G).
-- `--rootfs`: path to the rootfs image (default: `./rootfs-docker.ext4`).
-- `--kernel`: path to the kernel image (default: `./wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic`).
-- `--initrd`: path to the initrd image (default: `./wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic`).
-
-## Storage Layout
-- `rootfs.ext4` is used as the read-only origin for a per-VM device-mapper snapshot mounted as `/`.
-- Each VM gets one sparse writable overlay file (`cow.ext4`) that stores its changes on top of the shared base image.
-- `/root` and `/var` live inside that per-VM overlay, so VMs can install packages without copying separate disks per VM.
-- `run.sh` masks stale `home.mount` and `var.mount` units at boot so older images with `/dev/vdb` and `/dev/vdc` entries in `/etc/fstab` still boot.
-- `/run` and `/tmp` should be tmpfs via `/etc/fstab`.
-
-## SSH
-```
-ssh -i "./id_ed25519" root@<guest_ip>
+List VMs:
+```bash
+banger vm list
 ```
 
-Shortcut:
-```
-./ssh.sh <vm-name-or-ip>
+Inspect a VM:
+```bash
+banger vm show calm-otter
+banger vm stats calm-otter
 ```
 
-## VM DNS
-- Spawned VMs register `<vm-name>.vm` → guest IP through `mapdns set`.
-- VM teardown removes the mapping through `mapdns rm`.
-- `mapdns` writes to `/home/thales/.local/share/mapdns/records.json`.
-
-## Internet Access
-VMs do not get internet access by default. You must enable forwarding and NAT:
-```
-./nat.sh up <id-or-name-prefix>
-```
-This enables `net.ipv4.ip_forward=1` and installs per-VM NAT rules for the VM's
-guest IP and TAP device. To remove rules:
-```
-./nat.sh down <id-or-name-prefix>
-```
-Check status with:
-```
-./nat.sh status <id-or-name-prefix>
+SSH into a running VM:
+```bash
+banger vm ssh calm-otter
 ```
 
-## Shutdown
-```
-reboot
+Stop, restart, kill, or delete it:
+```bash
+banger vm stop calm-otter
+banger vm start calm-otter
+banger vm restart calm-otter
+banger vm kill --signal TERM calm-otter
+banger vm delete calm-otter
 ```
 
-## Customize Rootfs (Docker + Kernel Modules)
-Use `customize.sh` to build a writable rootfs with Docker and kernel modules
-preloaded so Docker works out of the box. Pass the base rootfs as a positional
-argument; the output defaults to `docker-<base filename>` in the same directory
-unless you pass `--out`.
-
-Base guest packages come from `./packages.apt`. Edit that file to bake tools
-like `vim` and `tmux` into rebuilt images.
-
-```
-./customize.sh ./rootfs.ext4 --size 6G --docker
+Update stopped VM settings:
+```bash
+banger vm set calm-otter --memory 2048 --vcpu 4 --disk-size 32G
 ```
 
-Options:
-- `--size`: optional size for the output image.
-- `--kernel`: kernel path (default: `./wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic`).
-- `--initrd`: initrd path (default: `./wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic`).
-- `--modules`: kernel modules directory (default: `./wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic`).
-- `--docker`: install Docker packages into the image.
-- `--out`: output rootfs path (default: `docker-<base filename>`).
-
-After boot, enable NAT and validate Docker:
-```
-./nat.sh up <id-or-name-prefix>
-ssh -i "./id_ed25519" root@<guest_ip> "systemctl enable --now docker"
-ssh -i "./id_ed25519" root@<guest_ip> "docker run --rm hello-world"
+Launch the TUI:
+```bash
+banger tui
 ```
 
-## Build Rootfs On Demand
-`run.sh` defaults to `./rootfs-docker.ext4`. If it is missing, `run.sh` will
-invoke `make-rootfs.sh` to build it.
+## Daemon
+The CLI auto-starts `bangerd` when needed.
 
-```
-./make-rootfs.sh
+Useful daemon commands:
+```bash
+banger daemon status
+banger daemon socket
+banger daemon stop
 ```
 
-`make-rootfs.sh` chooses the first available base image:
-- `./rootfs.ext4`
+State lives under XDG directories:
+- config: `~/.config/banger`
+- state: `~/.local/state/banger`
+- cache: `~/.cache/banger`
+- runtime socket: `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/banger/bangerd.sock`
 
-If `./packages.apt` changes after `rootfs-docker.ext4` is built, `run.sh` will
-warn and keep using the existing image. `make-rootfs.sh` will also warn and
-exit without rebuilding while the image already exists.
+Installed binaries resolve their runtime bundle from `../lib/banger` relative to
+the executable. Source-checkout binaries resolve it from `./runtime` next to the
+repo-built `./banger`. You can override either with `runtime_dir` in
+`~/.config/banger/config.toml` or `BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR`.
 
-To rebuild after package changes:
-```
-rm -f ./rootfs-docker.ext4 ./rootfs-docker.ext4.packages.sha256
-./make-rootfs.sh
+Useful config keys:
+- `runtime_dir`
+- `firecracker_bin`
+- `ssh_key_path`
+- `namegen_path`
+- `customize_script`
+- `default_rootfs`
+- `default_base_rootfs`
+- `default_kernel`
+- `default_initrd`
+- `default_modules_dir`
+- `default_packages_file`
+
+## Images
+List images:
+```bash
+banger image list
 ```
 
-## Interactive Customization
-To create a writable copy and customize it manually over SSH (no automatic
-package/config changes), use:
-
-```
-./interactive.sh ./rootfs-docker.ext4
+Build a managed image:
+```bash
+banger image build --name docker-dev --docker
 ```
 
-You can override the output path:
-```
-./interactive.sh ./rootfs-docker.ext4 --out ./my-rootfs.ext4
+Show or delete images:
+```bash
+banger image show docker-dev
+banger image delete docker-dev
 ```
 
-## VM Info File
-Each VM writes:
-- `state/vms/<id>/vm.json`: local metadata under `.meta` plus the raw Firecracker config under `.config`.
+`banger` auto-registers the bundled `default_rootfs` image when it exists. If
+`rootfs.ext4` is not present in the bundle, `image build` falls back to using
+`rootfs-docker.ext4` as its default base image.
 
-## Log Notes
-- `PCI: Fatal: No config space access function found` and `MissingAddressRange` lines are expected with `pci=off` in `run.sh`.
-- `SELinux: Could not open policy file ...` is expected in the minimal rootfs.
+## Networking And DNS
+Enable NAT when creating or updating a VM:
+```bash
+banger vm create --name web --nat
+banger vm set web --nat
+banger vm set web --no-nat
+```
+
+For daemon-managed VMs, NAT is applied directly by `bangerd` using host `iptables`
+rules derived from the VM's current guest IP and TAP device.
+
+Running VMs are published as `<vm-name>.vm` through `mapdns`.
+
+## Storage Model
+- VMs share a read-only base rootfs image.
+- Each VM gets its own sparse writable system overlay for `/`.
+- Each VM gets its own persistent ext4 work disk mounted at `/root`.
+- Stopping a VM preserves its overlay and work disk.
+
+## Rebuilding The Repo Default Rootfs
+`packages.apt` controls the base apt packages baked into rebuilt images.
+
+To rebuild the source-checkout default image in `./runtime/rootfs-docker.ext4`:
+```bash
+make rootfs
+```
+
+If the package manifest changed and you want a fresh source-checkout image:
+```bash
+rm -f ./runtime/rootfs-docker.ext4 ./runtime/rootfs-docker.ext4.packages.sha256
+make rootfs
+```
+
+`make rootfs` expects a bootstrapped runtime bundle. If `./runtime/rootfs.ext4`
+is not available, pass an explicit `--base-rootfs` to `./make-rootfs.sh`.
+
+## Maintaining The Runtime Bundle
+Maintain the checked-in manifest in [`runtime-bundle.toml`](/home/thales/projects/personal/banger/runtime-bundle.toml)
+with the published bundle URL and SHA256.
+
+Package a local `./runtime/` tree for publication:
+```bash
+make runtime-package
+```
+
+That writes `dist/banger-runtime.tar.gz` and prints its SHA256 so you can update
+the manifest before publishing or testing bootstrap changes.
+
+## Remaining Shell Helpers
+The runtime VM lifecycle is managed through `banger`. The remaining shell scripts are not the primary user interface:
+- `customize.sh`: implementation used by `banger image build`; it now reads
+  assets from `BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR` and stores transient state under
+  `BANGER_STATE_DIR`/XDG state
+- `make-rootfs.sh`: convenience wrapper for rebuilding `./runtime/rootfs-docker.ext4`
+- `interactive.sh`: manual one-off rootfs customization over SSH
+- `nat.sh`: legacy host NAT helper used by the shell customization flows
+- `packages.sh`, `dns.sh`: shell helper libraries
+- `verify.sh`: smoke test for the Go workflow (`./verify.sh --nat` adds NAT coverage)

cmd/runtimebundle/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"banger/internal/runtimebundle"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
+		usage()
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+	switch os.Args[1] {
+	case "fetch":
+		if err := fetch(os.Args[2:]); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	case "package":
+		if err := pkg(os.Args[2:]); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	default:
+		usage()
+		os.Exit(2)
+	}
+}
+
+func fetch(args []string) error {
+	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("fetch", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	fs.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
+	manifestPath := fs.String("manifest", "runtime-bundle.toml", "path to the runtime bundle manifest")
+	outDir := fs.String("out", "runtime", "destination runtime directory")
+	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	manifest, err := runtimebundle.LoadManifest(*manifestPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return runtimebundle.Bootstrap(context.Background(), manifest, *manifestPath, *outDir)
+}
+
+func pkg(args []string) error {
+	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("package", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	fs.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
+	manifestPath := fs.String("manifest", "runtime-bundle.toml", "path to the runtime bundle manifest")
+	runtimeDir := fs.String("runtime-dir", "runtime", "runtime directory to package")
+	outArchive := fs.String("out", "dist/banger-runtime.tar.gz", "output archive path")
+	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	manifest, err := runtimebundle.LoadManifest(*manifestPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	sum, err := runtimebundle.Package(*runtimeDir, *outArchive, manifest)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Println(sum)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func usage() {
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "usage: runtimebundle <fetch|package> [flags]")
+}

customize.sh

@@ -29,7 +29,17 @@ parse_size() {
   return 1
 }
 
-RUNTIME_DIR="${BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)}"
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR"
+if [[ -d "$SCRIPT_DIR/runtime" ]]; then
+  DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/runtime"
+fi
+RUNTIME_DIR="${BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR:-$DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR}"
+if [[ ! -d "$RUNTIME_DIR" ]]; then
+  log "runtime bundle not found: $RUNTIME_DIR"
+  log "run 'make runtime-bundle' or set BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR"
+  exit 1
+fi
 source "$RUNTIME_DIR/dns.sh"
 source "$RUNTIME_DIR/packages.sh"
 STATE="${BANGER_STATE_DIR:-${XDG_STATE_HOME:-$HOME/.local/state}/banger/image-build}"

id_ed25519

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
------BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
-b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtzc2gtZW
-QyNTUxOQAAACBCcKLE0FGsW007R6s2MvgYaA/E2KhBwEVy3jZ5l60OMQAAAJDph86L6YfO
-iwAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACBCcKLE0FGsW007R6s2MvgYaA/E2KhBwEVy3jZ5l60OMQ
-AAAECwXc/eHLI6iZ4vF0TF4gHU7/FigvePPD4xcsnzSNbO/kJwosTQUaxbTTtHqzYy+Bho
-D8TYqEHARXLeNnmXrQ4xAAAAC3RoYWxlc0BtYWluAQI=
------END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

interactive.sh

@@ -31,15 +31,25 @@ parse_size() {
 }
 
 DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
-source "$DIR/dns.sh"
-STATE="$DIR/state"
+DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR="$DIR"
+if [[ -d "$DIR/runtime" ]]; then
+  DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR="$DIR/runtime"
+fi
+RUNTIME_DIR="${BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR:-$DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR}"
+if [[ ! -d "$RUNTIME_DIR" ]]; then
+  log "runtime bundle not found: $RUNTIME_DIR"
+  log "run 'make runtime-bundle' or set BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR"
+  exit 1
+fi
+source "$RUNTIME_DIR/dns.sh"
+STATE="${BANGER_STATE_DIR:-${XDG_STATE_HOME:-$HOME/.local/state}/banger/interactive}"
 VM_ROOT="$STATE/vms"
 mkdir -p "$VM_ROOT"
 
-FC_BIN="$DIR/firecracker"
-KERNEL="$DIR/wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic"
-INITRD="$DIR/wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic"
-SSH_KEY="$DIR/id_ed25519"
+FC_BIN="$RUNTIME_DIR/firecracker"
+KERNEL="$RUNTIME_DIR/wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic"
+INITRD="$RUNTIME_DIR/wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic"
+SSH_KEY="$RUNTIME_DIR/id_ed25519"
 
 BR_DEV="br-fc"
 BR_IP="172.16.0.1"

internal/daemon/images.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"banger/internal/api"
 	"banger/internal/model"
+	"banger/internal/paths"
 )
 
 func (d *Daemon) BuildImage(ctx context.Context, params api.ImageBuildParams) (model.Image, error) {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func (d *Daemon) BuildImage(ctx context.Context, params api.ImageBuildParams) (m
 		baseRootfs = d.config.DefaultBaseRootfs
 	}
 	if baseRootfs == "" {
-		return model.Image{}, fmt.Errorf("base rootfs is required")
+		return model.Image{}, fmt.Errorf("base rootfs is required; %s", paths.RuntimeBundleHint())
 	}
 	id, err := model.NewID()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -41,10 +42,10 @@ func (d *Daemon) BuildImage(ctx context.Context, params api.ImageBuildParams) (m
 	rootfsPath := filepath.Join(artifactDir, "rootfs.ext4")
 	script := d.config.CustomizeScript
 	if script == "" {
-		return model.Image{}, fmt.Errorf("customize script not configured; set runtime_dir or customize_script in config.toml")
+		return model.Image{}, fmt.Errorf("customize script not configured; %s", paths.RuntimeBundleHint())
 	}
 	if _, err := os.Stat(script); err != nil {
-		return model.Image{}, fmt.Errorf("customize.sh not found at %s", script)
+		return model.Image{}, fmt.Errorf("customize.sh not found at %s; %s", script, paths.RuntimeBundleHint())
 	}
 	args := []string{script, baseRootfs, "--out", rootfsPath}
 	if params.Size != "" {

internal/daemon/vm.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"banger/internal/api"
 	"banger/internal/firecracker"
 	"banger/internal/model"
+	"banger/internal/paths"
 	"banger/internal/system"
 )
 
@@ -275,6 +276,49 @@ func (d *Daemon) StopVM(ctx context.Context, idOrName string) (model.VMRecord, e
 	return vm, nil
 }
 
+func (d *Daemon) KillVM(ctx context.Context, params api.VMKillParams) (model.VMRecord, error) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+
+	vm, err := d.FindVM(ctx, params.IDOrName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return model.VMRecord{}, err
+	}
+	if vm.State != model.VMStateRunning || !system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath) {
+		if err := d.cleanupRuntime(ctx, vm, true); err != nil {
+			return model.VMRecord{}, err
+		}
+		vm.State = model.VMStateStopped
+		vm.Runtime.State = model.VMStateStopped
+		clearRuntimeHandles(&vm)
+		if err := d.store.UpsertVM(ctx, vm); err != nil {
+			return model.VMRecord{}, err
+		}
+		return vm, nil
+	}
+
+	signal := strings.TrimSpace(params.Signal)
+	if signal == "" {
+		signal = "TERM"
+	}
+	if _, err := d.runner.RunSudo(ctx, "kill", "-"+signal, strconv.Itoa(vm.Runtime.PID)); err != nil {
+		return model.VMRecord{}, err
+	}
+	if err := d.waitForExit(ctx, vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath, 30*time.Second); err != nil {
+		return model.VMRecord{}, err
+	}
+	if err := d.cleanupRuntime(ctx, vm, true); err != nil {
+		return model.VMRecord{}, err
+	}
+	vm.State = model.VMStateStopped
+	vm.Runtime.State = model.VMStateStopped
+	clearRuntimeHandles(&vm)
+	system.TouchNow(&vm)
+	if err := d.store.UpsertVM(ctx, vm); err != nil {
+		return model.VMRecord{}, err
+	}
+	return vm, nil
+}
 
 func (d *Daemon) RestartVM(ctx context.Context, idOrName string) (model.VMRecord, error) {
 	vm, err := d.StopVM(ctx, idOrName)
@@ -547,11 +591,11 @@ func (d *Daemon) createTap(ctx context.Context, tap string) error {
 
 func (d *Daemon) firecrackerBinary() (string, error) {
 	if d.config.FirecrackerBin == "" {
-		return "", errors.New("firecracker binary not configured; set runtime_dir or firecracker_bin in config.toml")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("firecracker binary not configured; %s", paths.RuntimeBundleHint())
 	}
 	path := d.config.FirecrackerBin
 	if !exists(path) {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("firecracker binary not found at %s", path)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("firecracker binary not found at %s; %s", path, paths.RuntimeBundleHint())
 	}
 	return path, nil
 }

internal/paths/paths.go

@@ -89,8 +89,9 @@ func ResolveRuntimeDir(configuredRuntimeDir, deprecatedRepoRoot string) string {
 			return installRuntimeDir
 		}
 	}
-	if HasRuntimeBundle(exeDir) {
-		return exeDir
+	sourceRuntimeDir := filepath.Join(exeDir, "runtime")
+	if HasRuntimeBundle(sourceRuntimeDir) {
+		return sourceRuntimeDir
 	}
 	return ""
 }
@@ -138,6 +139,10 @@ func BangerdPath() (string, error) {
 	return "", errors.New("bangerd binary not found next to banger; build ./cmd/bangerd")
 }
 
+func RuntimeBundleHint() string {
+	return "run `make runtime-bundle` or set runtime_dir in ~/.config/banger/config.toml"
+}
+
 func getenvDefault(key, fallback string) string {
 	if value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(key)); value != "" {
 		return value

internal/paths/paths_test.go

@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ func TestResolveRuntimeDirUsesInstalledLayout(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestResolveRuntimeDirUsesExecutableDirectoryBundle(t *testing.T) {
+func TestResolveRuntimeDirUsesSourceCheckoutRuntimeSubdir(t *testing.T) {
 	root := t.TempDir()
-	createRuntimeBundle(t, root)
+	runtimeDir := filepath.Join(root, "runtime")
+	createRuntimeBundle(t, runtimeDir)
 
 	origExecutablePath := executablePath
 	executablePath = func() (string, error) {
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@ func TestResolveRuntimeDirUsesExecutableDirectoryBundle(t *testing.T) {
 		executablePath = origExecutablePath
 	})
 
-	if got := ResolveRuntimeDir("", ""); got != root {
-		t.Fatalf("ResolveRuntimeDir() = %q, want %q", got, root)
+	if got := ResolveRuntimeDir("", ""); got != runtimeDir {
+		t.Fatalf("ResolveRuntimeDir() = %q, want %q", got, runtimeDir)
 	}
 }
 

internal/runtimebundle/bundle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+package runtimebundle
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	toml "github.com/pelletier/go-toml"
+)
+
+type Manifest struct {
+	Version       string   `toml:"version"`
+	URL           string   `toml:"url"`
+	SHA256        string   `toml:"sha256"`
+	BundleRoot    string   `toml:"bundle_root"`
+	RequiredPaths []string `toml:"required_paths"`
+}
+
+func LoadManifest(path string) (Manifest, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Manifest{}, err
+	}
+	var manifest Manifest
+	if err := toml.Unmarshal(data, &manifest); err != nil {
+		return Manifest{}, err
+	}
+	manifest.BundleRoot = strings.TrimSpace(manifest.BundleRoot)
+	manifest.URL = strings.TrimSpace(manifest.URL)
+	manifest.SHA256 = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(manifest.SHA256))
+	for i, required := range manifest.RequiredPaths {
+		manifest.RequiredPaths[i] = filepath.Clean(strings.TrimSpace(required))
+	}
+	sort.Strings(manifest.RequiredPaths)
+	if len(manifest.RequiredPaths) == 0 {
+		return Manifest{}, fmt.Errorf("runtime bundle manifest %s has no required_paths", path)
+	}
+	return manifest, nil
+}
+
+func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context, manifest Manifest, manifestPath, outDir string) error {
+	if manifest.URL == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("runtime bundle manifest %s has no url; publish a runtime bundle and update the manifest", manifestPath)
+	}
+	if manifest.SHA256 == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("runtime bundle manifest %s has no sha256", manifestPath)
+	}
+	manifestDir := filepath.Dir(manifestPath)
+	parentDir := filepath.Dir(outDir)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(parentDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	workDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(parentDir, ".runtime-bundle-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(workDir)
+
+	archivePath := filepath.Join(workDir, "bundle.tar.gz")
+	if err := downloadArchive(ctx, resolveSource(manifestDir, manifest.URL), archivePath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	sum, err := fileSHA256(archivePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if sum != manifest.SHA256 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("runtime bundle checksum mismatch: got %s want %s", sum, manifest.SHA256)
+	}
+
+	extractDir := filepath.Join(workDir, "extract")
+	if err := extractTarGz(archivePath, extractDir); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	bundleDir := extractDir
+	if manifest.BundleRoot != "" {
+		bundleDir = filepath.Join(extractDir, manifest.BundleRoot)
+	}
+	if err := ValidateBundle(bundleDir, manifest.RequiredPaths); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	stageDir := filepath.Join(workDir, "stage")
+	if err := os.Rename(bundleDir, stageDir); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(outDir); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(stageDir, outDir); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ValidateBundle(bundleDir string, requiredPaths []string) error {
+	for _, rel := range requiredPaths {
+		if rel == "." || strings.HasPrefix(rel, "..") {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid required bundle path: %s", rel)
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(bundleDir, rel)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("runtime bundle missing %s", rel)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func Package(runtimeDir, outArchive string, manifest Manifest) (string, error) {
+	if err := ValidateBundle(runtimeDir, manifest.RequiredPaths); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(outArchive), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	file, err := os.Create(outArchive)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	hash := sha256.New()
+	multi := io.MultiWriter(file, hash)
+	gz := gzip.NewWriter(multi)
+	defer gz.Close()
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(gz)
+	defer tw.Close()
+
+	for _, rel := range manifest.RequiredPaths {
+		if err := addPathToArchive(tw, runtimeDir, manifest.BundleRoot, rel); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := tw.Close(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := gz.Close(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)), nil
+}
+
+func addPathToArchive(tw *tar.Writer, runtimeDir, bundleRoot, rel string) error {
+	srcPath := filepath.Join(runtimeDir, rel)
+	info, err := os.Lstat(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	archiveName := rel
+	if bundleRoot != "" {
+		archiveName = filepath.Join(bundleRoot, rel)
+	}
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		header, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(info, "")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		header.Name = filepath.ToSlash(archiveName) + "/"
+		if err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(srcPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			childRel := filepath.Join(rel, entry.Name())
+			if err := addPathToArchive(tw, runtimeDir, bundleRoot, childRel); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	header, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(info, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	header.Name = filepath.ToSlash(archiveName)
+	if err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	file, err := os.Open(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+	_, err = io.Copy(tw, file)
+	return err
+}
+
+func resolveSource(manifestDir, source string) string {
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(source)
+	if err == nil && parsed.Scheme != "" {
+		return source
+	}
+	if filepath.IsAbs(source) {
+		return source
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(manifestDir, source)
+}
+
+func downloadArchive(ctx context.Context, source, dst string) error {
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(source, "http://"), strings.HasPrefix(source, "https://"):
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, source, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			return fmt.Errorf("download runtime bundle: %s", resp.Status)
+		}
+		return writeFileFromReader(dst, resp.Body)
+	case strings.HasPrefix(source, "file://"):
+		parsed, err := url.Parse(source)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return copyFile(parsed.Path, dst)
+	default:
+		return copyFile(source, dst)
+	}
+}
+
+func writeFileFromReader(dst string, reader io.Reader) error {
+	file, err := os.Create(dst)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+	_, err = io.Copy(file, reader)
+	return err
+}
+
+func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
+	in, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer in.Close()
+	return writeFileFromReader(dst, in)
+}
+
+func extractTarGz(archivePath, outDir string) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(outDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	file, err := os.Open(archivePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+	gz, err := gzip.NewReader(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer gz.Close()
+	tr := tar.NewReader(gz)
+	for {
+		header, err := tr.Next()
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		name := filepath.Clean(header.Name)
+		if name == "." || strings.HasPrefix(name, "..") || filepath.IsAbs(name) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid archive entry: %s", header.Name)
+		}
+		target := filepath.Join(outDir, name)
+		switch header.Typeflag {
+		case tar.TypeDir:
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(target, os.FileMode(header.Mode)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case tar.TypeReg, tar.TypeRegA:
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0o755); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			file, err := os.OpenFile(target, os.O_CREATE|os.O_RDWR|os.O_TRUNC, os.FileMode(header.Mode))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if _, err := io.Copy(file, tr); err != nil {
+				file.Close()
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unsupported archive entry type: %s", header.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func fileSHA256(path string) (string, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+	hash := sha256.New()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(hash, file); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)), nil
+}

internal/runtimebundle/bundle_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package runtimebundle
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestBootstrapExtractsBundleAndValidatesChecksum(t *testing.T) {
+	manifestDir := t.TempDir()
+	bundleData := buildArchive(t, map[string]string{
+		"runtime/firecracker":                                       "fc",
+		"runtime/customize.sh":                                      "#!/bin/bash\n",
+		"runtime/packages.apt":                                      "vim\n",
+		"runtime/rootfs-docker.ext4":                                "rootfs",
+		"runtime/wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic":            "kernel",
+		"runtime/wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic":         "initrd",
+		"runtime/wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic/modules.dep": "dep",
+	})
+	archivePath := filepath.Join(manifestDir, "bundle.tar.gz")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(archivePath, bundleData, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	manifest := Manifest{
+		URL:           "./bundle.tar.gz",
+		SHA256:        sha256Hex(bundleData),
+		BundleRoot:    "runtime",
+		RequiredPaths: []string{"firecracker", "customize.sh", "packages.apt", "rootfs-docker.ext4", "wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic", "wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic"},
+	}
+	outDir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "runtime")
+	if err := Bootstrap(context.Background(), manifest, filepath.Join(manifestDir, "runtime-bundle.toml"), outDir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Bootstrap: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, rel := range manifest.RequiredPaths {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(outDir, rel)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("runtime missing %s: %v", rel, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBootstrapRejectsChecksumMismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	manifestDir := t.TempDir()
+	archivePath := filepath.Join(manifestDir, "bundle.tar.gz")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(archivePath, []byte("not-a-tarball"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile: %v", err)
+	}
+	manifest := Manifest{
+		URL:           "./bundle.tar.gz",
+		SHA256:        strings.Repeat("0", 64),
+		BundleRoot:    "runtime",
+		RequiredPaths: []string{"firecracker"},
+	}
+	err := Bootstrap(context.Background(), manifest, filepath.Join(manifestDir, "runtime-bundle.toml"), filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "runtime"))
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "checksum mismatch") {
+		t.Fatalf("Bootstrap() error = %v, want checksum mismatch", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPackageWritesArchive(t *testing.T) {
+	runtimeDir := t.TempDir()
+	for _, rel := range []string{
+		"firecracker",
+		"customize.sh",
+		"packages.apt",
+		"rootfs-docker.ext4",
+		"wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic",
+		"wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic",
+		"wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic",
+	} {
+		path := filepath.Join(runtimeDir, rel)
+		if rel == "wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic" {
+			if err := os.MkdirAll(path, 0o755); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("MkdirAll: %v", err)
+			}
+			if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, "modules.dep"), []byte(rel), 0o644); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("WriteFile: %v", err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("MkdirAll: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(rel), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WriteFile: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	manifest := Manifest{
+		BundleRoot: "runtime",
+		RequiredPaths: []string{
+			"firecracker",
+			"customize.sh",
+			"packages.apt",
+			"rootfs-docker.ext4",
+			"wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic",
+			"wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic",
+			"wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic",
+		},
+	}
+	outArchive := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bundle.tar.gz")
+	sum, err := Package(runtimeDir, outArchive, manifest)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Package: %v", err)
+	}
+	if sum == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("Package() returned empty checksum")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(outArchive); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("archive missing: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func buildArchive(t *testing.T, files map[string]string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	gz := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(gz)
+	for name, contents := range files {
+		header := &tar.Header{
+			Name: name,
+			Mode: 0o644,
+			Size: int64(len(contents)),
+		}
+		if err := tw.WriteHeader(header); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("WriteHeader(%s): %v", name, err)
+		}
+		if _, err := tw.Write([]byte(contents)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Write(%s): %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := tw.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close tar: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := gz.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close gzip: %v", err)
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func sha256Hex(data []byte) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256(data)
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}

make-rootfs.sh

@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@ EOF
 
 DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 source "$DIR/packages.sh"
-OUT_ROOTFS="$DIR/rootfs-docker.ext4"
+RUNTIME_DIR="${BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR:-$DIR/runtime}"
+if [[ ! -d "$RUNTIME_DIR" ]]; then
+  log "runtime bundle not found: $RUNTIME_DIR"
+  log "run 'make runtime-bundle' or set BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR"
+  exit 1
+fi
+OUT_ROOTFS="$RUNTIME_DIR/rootfs-docker.ext4"
 SIZE_SPEC="6G"
 BASE_ROOTFS=""
 
@@ -55,20 +61,22 @@ if [[ -f "$OUT_ROOTFS" ]]; then
 fi
 
 if [[ -z "$BASE_ROOTFS" ]]; then
-  if [[ -f "$DIR/rootfs.ext4" ]]; then
-    BASE_ROOTFS="$DIR/rootfs.ext4"
+  if [[ -f "$RUNTIME_DIR/rootfs.ext4" ]]; then
+    BASE_ROOTFS="$RUNTIME_DIR/rootfs.ext4"
   elif [[ -f "$DIR/ubuntu-noble-rootfs/rootfs.ext4" ]]; then
     BASE_ROOTFS="$DIR/ubuntu-noble-rootfs/rootfs.ext4"
   elif [[ -f "$DIR/ubuntu-lts/rootfs.ext4" ]]; then
     BASE_ROOTFS="$DIR/ubuntu-lts/rootfs.ext4"
   else
-    log "no base rootfs found"
+    log "no base rootfs found; run 'make runtime-bundle' or pass --base-rootfs"
     exit 1
   fi
 fi
 
-  log "building $OUT_ROOTFS from $BASE_ROOTFS"
-  exec "$DIR/customize.sh" "$BASE_ROOTFS" \
+mkdir -p "$RUNTIME_DIR"
+
+log "building $OUT_ROOTFS from $BASE_ROOTFS"
+exec env BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR="$RUNTIME_DIR" "$DIR/customize.sh" "$BASE_ROOTFS" \
   --out "$OUT_ROOTFS" \
   --size "$SIZE_SPEC" \
   --docker

namegen

@@ -1,415 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-
-ADJECTIVES=(
-    ace
-    apt
-    fit
-    fun
-    odd
-    top
-    able
-    beau
-    bold
-    calm
-    chic
-    cool
-    deep
-    deft
-    easy
-    epic
-    fair
-    fine
-    free
-    full
-    game
-    glad
-    glow
-    good
-    holy
-    keen
-    kind
-    lean
-    mild
-    neat
-    nice
-    open
-    pure
-    real
-    snug
-    spry
-    tidy
-    true
-    warm
-    wavy
-    wise
-    adept
-    agile
-    alert
-    alive
-    ample
-    angel
-    awake
-    aware
-    brave
-    brisk
-    chill
-    clean
-    clear
-    close
-    comic
-    eager
-    elite
-    first
-    fleet
-    fresh
-    grace
-    grand
-    great
-    happy
-    hardy
-    ideal
-    jolly
-    light
-    lithe
-    loyal
-    lucid
-    lucky
-    lunar
-    magic
-    merry
-    nifty
-    noble
-    peppy
-    perky
-    proud
-    quick
-    quiet
-    ready
-    regal
-    savvy
-    sharp
-    smart
-    solid
-    sound
-    sunny
-    super
-    sweet
-    swift
-    vivid
-    witty
-    zesty
-)
-
-SUBSTANTIVES=(
-    ox
-    aim
-    air
-    arm
-    bud
-    day
-    hay
-    jam
-    jay
-    joy
-    key
-    map
-    may
-    nod
-    ore
-    pen
-    sky
-    sun
-    way
-    zen
-    ant
-    ape
-    auk
-    bat
-    bee
-    cat
-    cod
-    cow
-    dog
-    elk
-    fox
-    hen
-    owl
-    pig
-    ram
-    rat
-    yak
-    boar
-    buck
-    bull
-    calf
-    carp
-    crab
-    crow
-    deer
-    dove
-    fish
-    foal
-    frog
-    goat
-    gull
-    hare
-    hawk
-    ibex
-    kiwi
-    kudu
-    lamb
-    lion
-    lynx
-    mink
-    mole
-    mule
-    newt
-    orca
-    oryx
-    puma
-    seal
-    slug
-    stag
-    swan
-    tern
-    toad
-    tuna
-    wasp
-    wolf
-    zebu
-    bison
-    camel
-    crane
-    eagle
-    finch
-    goose
-    heron
-    hippo
-    horse
-    hyena
-    koala
-    llama
-    macaw
-    moose
-    otter
-    quail
-    raven
-    robin
-    shark
-    sheep
-    shrew
-    skunk
-    sloth
-    snail
-    squid
-    tapir
-    tiger
-    trout
-    whale
-    zebra
-    ally
-    arch
-    area
-    aura
-    axis
-    bank
-    barn
-    beam
-    bell
-    belt
-    bend
-    bird
-    boat
-    bond
-    book
-    boot
-    bowl
-    brim
-    calm
-    camp
-    card
-    care
-    cell
-    city
-    clan
-    club
-    code
-    core
-    crux
-    dawn
-    deal
-    film
-    firm
-    flag
-    flow
-    foam
-    gate
-    gift
-    glow
-    hall
-    hand
-    harp
-    hill
-    home
-    hope
-    host
-    idea
-    isle
-    item
-    keel
-    knot
-    land
-    leaf
-    link
-    lion
-    loom
-    love
-    luck
-    mark
-    moon
-    moss
-    nook
-    note
-    pact
-    page
-    path
-    peak
-    poem
-    port
-    ring
-    road
-    rock
-    roof
-    rule
-    sail
-    seal
-    seed
-    song
-    star
-    tide
-    tree
-    tune
-    walk
-    ward
-    wave
-    well
-    wind
-    wing
-    wish
-    wood
-    work
-    zone
-    amity
-    asset
-    bloom
-    brook
-    bunch
-    charm
-    chart
-    cheer
-    chord
-    cliff
-    cloud
-    coast
-    comet
-    craft
-    crane
-    crest
-    crowd
-    crown
-    cycle
-    faith
-    field
-    flame
-    fleet
-    focus
-    forge
-    frame
-    fruit
-    glade
-    grace
-    grain
-    grove
-    guide
-    guild
-    haven
-    heart
-    honey
-    honor
-    humor
-    image
-    index
-    jewel
-    judge
-    kudos
-    lumen
-    lunar
-    magic
-    march
-    marsh
-    mercy
-    model
-    moral
-    music
-    niche
-    oasis
-    ocean
-    opera
-    orbit
-    order
-    peace
-    pearl
-    petal
-    phase
-    piano
-    pilot
-    place
-    plaza
-    prism
-    proof
-    pulse
-    quest
-    quiet
-    quill
-    radar
-    rally
-    range
-    realm
-    reign
-    river
-    route
-    scene
-    scope
-    score
-    shade
-    shape
-    shore
-    skill
-    spark
-    spice
-    spire
-    spoke
-    stone
-    story
-    table
-    token
-    trend
-    tribe
-    trust
-    unity
-    valor
-    value
-    verse
-    vista
-    voice
-    world
-)
-
-rand() {
-    echo $(( RANDOM % $1 ))
-}
-
-adjective="${ADJECTIVES[$(rand ${#ADJECTIVES[@]})]}"
-    substantive="${SUBSTANTIVES[$(rand ${#SUBSTANTIVES[@]})]}"
-        printf '%s-%s' "$adjective" "$substantive"

runtime-bundle.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Update `url` and `sha256` to the published runtime bundle before using
+# `make runtime-bundle` in a fresh checkout.
+version = "v0"
+url = ""
+sha256 = ""
+bundle_root = "runtime"
+required_paths = [
+  "firecracker",
+  "customize.sh",
+  "dns.sh",
+  "packages.sh",
+  "nat.sh",
+  "namegen",
+  "packages.apt",
+  "id_ed25519",
+  "rootfs-docker.ext4",
+  "wtf/root/boot/vmlinux-6.8.0-94-generic",
+  "wtf/root/boot/initrd.img-6.8.0-94-generic",
+  "wtf/root/lib/modules/6.8.0-94-generic",
+]

verify.sh

@@ -5,70 +5,149 @@ log() {
   printf '[verify] %s\n' "$*"
 }
 
+DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR="$DIR"
+if [[ -d "$DIR/runtime" ]]; then
+  DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR="$DIR/runtime"
+fi
+RUNTIME_DIR="${BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR:-$DEFAULT_RUNTIME_DIR}"
+SSH_KEY="$RUNTIME_DIR/id_ed25519"
+if [[ ! -d "$RUNTIME_DIR" ]]; then
+  log "runtime bundle not found: $RUNTIME_DIR"
+  log "run 'make runtime-bundle' or set BANGER_RUNTIME_DIR"
+  exit 1
+fi
+if [[ ! -f "$SSH_KEY" ]]; then
+  log "ssh key not found: $SSH_KEY"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+wait_for_ssh() {
+  local guest_ip="$1"
+  local deadline=$((SECONDS + 60))
+
+  while ((SECONDS < deadline)); do
+    if ssh -i "$SSH_KEY" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null \
+      -o ConnectTimeout=2 "root@${guest_ip}" "true" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      return 0
+    fi
+    sleep 1
+  done
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: ./verify.sh [--nat]
+
+Run a basic smoke test for the Go VM workflow.
+Use --nat to additionally verify outbound NAT and host rule cleanup.
+EOF
+}
+
+NAT_ENABLED=0
+if [[ "${1:-}" == "--nat" ]]; then
+  NAT_ENABLED=1
+  shift
+fi
+if (($# != 0)); then
+  usage
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+VM_NAME="verify-$(date +%s)"
+VM_JSON=""
+TAP=""
+VM_DIR=""
+GUEST_IP=""
+UPLINK=""
+
 cleanup() {
-  if [[ -z "${VM_JSON:-}" || ! -f "$VM_JSON" ]]; then
-    return
-  fi
-  pid="$(jq -r '.meta.pid // empty' "$VM_JSON")"
-  tap="$(jq -r '.meta.tap // empty' "$VM_JSON")"
-  vm_dir="$(dirname "$VM_JSON")"
-  if [[ -n "$pid" ]]; then
-    sudo kill "$pid" 2>/dev/null || true
-  fi
-  if [[ -n "$tap" ]]; then
-    sudo ip link del "$tap" 2>/dev/null || true
-  fi
-  if [[ -n "$vm_dir" ]]; then
-    rm -rf "$vm_dir"
+  if [[ -n "${VM_NAME:-}" ]]; then
+    ./banger vm delete "$VM_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
   fi
 }
 
 trap cleanup EXIT
 
 log "starting VM"
-if ! ./run.sh; then
-  log "run.sh failed"
+CREATE_ARGS=(./banger vm create --name "$VM_NAME")
+if (( NAT_ENABLED )); then
+  CREATE_ARGS+=(--nat)
+fi
+"${CREATE_ARGS[@]}" >/dev/null
+
+VM_JSON="$(./banger vm show "$VM_NAME")"
+name="$(printf '%s\n' "$VM_JSON" | jq -r '.name // empty')"
+guest_ip="$(printf '%s\n' "$VM_JSON" | jq -r '.runtime.guest_ip // empty')"
+tap="$(printf '%s\n' "$VM_JSON" | jq -r '.runtime.tap_device // empty')"
+vm_dir="$(printf '%s\n' "$VM_JSON" | jq -r '.runtime.vm_dir // empty')"
+
+if [[ -z "$name" || -z "$guest_ip" || -z "$tap" || -z "$vm_dir" ]]; then
+  log "missing VM metadata from banger vm show"
   exit 1
 fi
 
-VM_DIR="$(find state/vms -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d -printf '%T@ %p\n' 2>/dev/null | sort -nr | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}')"
-if [[ -z "$VM_DIR" ]]; then
-  log "no VM state directory found"
-  exit 1
-fi
-VM_JSON="$VM_DIR/vm.json"
-if [[ ! -f "$VM_JSON" ]]; then
-  log "vm.json not found: $VM_JSON"
-  exit 1
-fi
+TAP="$tap"
+VM_DIR="$vm_dir"
+GUEST_IP="$guest_ip"
 
-name="$(jq -r '.meta.name // empty' "$VM_JSON")"
-created_at="$(jq -r '.meta.created_at // empty' "$VM_JSON")"
-guest_ip="$(jq -r '.meta.guest_ip // empty' "$VM_JSON")"
-tap="$(jq -r '.meta.tap // empty' "$VM_JSON")"
-pid="$(jq -r '.meta.pid // empty' "$VM_JSON")"
-vm_dir="$VM_DIR"
-
-if [[ -z "$name" || -z "$created_at" || -z "$guest_ip" ]]; then
-  log "missing name or created_at in vm.json"
+if (( NAT_ENABLED )); then
+  UPLINK="$(ip route show default 2>/dev/null | awk '/default/ {print $5; exit}')"
+  if [[ -z "$UPLINK" ]]; then
+    log "failed to detect uplink interface"
     exit 1
+  fi
+  log "asserting NAT rules are installed"
+  sudo iptables -t nat -C POSTROUTING -s "${GUEST_IP}/32" -o "$UPLINK" -j MASQUERADE
+  sudo iptables -C FORWARD -i "$TAP" -o "$UPLINK" -j ACCEPT
+  sudo iptables -C FORWARD -i "$UPLINK" -o "$TAP" -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
 fi
 
 log "asserting VM is reachable via SSH"
-ssh -i "./id_ed25519" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null \
+if ! wait_for_ssh "$guest_ip"; then
+  log "ssh did not become ready for ${guest_ip}"
+  exit 1
+fi
+ssh -i "$SSH_KEY" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null \
   "root@${guest_ip}" "uname -a" >/dev/null
 
+if (( NAT_ENABLED )); then
+  log "asserting VM has outbound network access"
+  ssh -i "$SSH_KEY" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null \
+    "root@${guest_ip}" "curl -fsS https://example.com >/dev/null" >/dev/null
+fi
+
 log "cleaning up VM"
 cleanup
 
 log "asserting cleanup success"
-if ip link show "$tap" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  log "tap still exists: $tap"
+if ./banger vm show "$VM_NAME" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  log "vm still exists after delete: $VM_NAME"
   exit 1
 fi
-if [[ -d "$vm_dir" ]]; then
-  log "vm dir still exists: $vm_dir"
+if ip link show "$TAP" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  log "tap still exists: $TAP"
   exit 1
 fi
+if [[ -d "$VM_DIR" ]]; then
+  log "vm dir still exists: $VM_DIR"
+  exit 1
+fi
+if (( NAT_ENABLED )); then
+  if sudo iptables -t nat -C POSTROUTING -s "${GUEST_IP}/32" -o "$UPLINK" -j MASQUERADE 2>/dev/null; then
+    log "nat rule still exists for ${GUEST_IP}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if sudo iptables -C FORWARD -i "$TAP" -o "$UPLINK" -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null; then
+    log "forward-out rule still exists for ${TAP}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if sudo iptables -C FORWARD -i "$UPLINK" -o "$TAP" -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null; then
+    log "forward-in rule still exists for ${TAP}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+fi
 
 log "ok"