banger/internal/daemon/guest_sessions.go

package daemon

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"banger/internal/api"
	"banger/internal/guest"
	"banger/internal/model"
	"banger/internal/sessionstream"
	"banger/internal/system"

	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
)

const (
	guestSessionBackendSSH             = "ssh"
	guestSessionAttachBackendNone      = "none"
	guestSessionAttachBackendSSHBridge = "ssh_rehydratable"
	guestSessionAttachModeExclusive    = "exclusive"
	guestSessionTransportUnixSocket    = "unix_socket"
	guestSessionStateRoot              = "/root/.local/state/banger/sessions"
	guestSessionLogTailLine            = 200
)

var guestSessionHostCommandOutputFunc = func(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {
	runner := system.NewRunner()
	output, err := runner.Run(ctx, name, args...)
	if err == nil {
		return output, nil
	}
	command := strings.TrimSpace(strings.Join(append([]string{name}, args...), " "))
	detail := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
	if detail == "" {
		return output, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", command, err)
	}
	return output, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w: %s", command, err, detail)
}

type guestSSHClient interface {
	Close() error
	RunScript(context.Context, string, io.Writer) error
	RunScriptOutput(context.Context, string) ([]byte, error)
	UploadFile(context.Context, string, os.FileMode, []byte, io.Writer) error
	StreamTar(context.Context, string, string, io.Writer) error
	StreamTarEntries(context.Context, string, []string, string, io.Writer) error
}

func (d *Daemon) waitForGuestSSH(ctx context.Context, address string, interval time.Duration) error {
	if d != nil && d.guestWaitForSSH != nil {
		return d.guestWaitForSSH(ctx, address, d.config.SSHKeyPath, interval)
	}
	return guest.WaitForSSH(ctx, address, d.config.SSHKeyPath, interval)
}

func (d *Daemon) dialGuest(ctx context.Context, address string) (guestSSHClient, error) {
	if d != nil && d.guestDial != nil {
		return d.guestDial(ctx, address, d.config.SSHKeyPath)
	}
	return guest.Dial(ctx, address, d.config.SSHKeyPath)
}

func (d *Daemon) waitForGuestSessionReadyHook(ctx context.Context, vm model.VMRecord, session model.GuestSession) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	if d != nil && d.waitForGuestSessionReady != nil {
		return d.waitForGuestSessionReady(ctx, vm, session)
	}
	return d.waitForGuestSessionReadyDefault(ctx, vm, session)
}

type guestSessionController struct {
	stream    *guest.StreamSession
	streams   []*guest.StreamSession
	stdin     io.WriteCloser
	attachMu  sync.Mutex
	attach    net.Conn
	writeMu   sync.Mutex
	closeOnce sync.Once
}

func (c *guestSessionController) setAttach(conn net.Conn) error {
	c.attachMu.Lock()
	defer c.attachMu.Unlock()
	if c.attach != nil {
		return errors.New("session already has an active attach")
	}
	c.attach = conn
	return nil
}

func (c *guestSessionController) clearAttach(conn net.Conn) {
	c.attachMu.Lock()
	defer c.attachMu.Unlock()
	if c.attach == conn {
		c.attach = nil
	}
}

func (c *guestSessionController) writeFrame(channel byte, payload []byte) {
	c.attachMu.Lock()
	conn := c.attach
	c.attachMu.Unlock()
	if conn == nil {
		return
	}
	c.writeMu.Lock()
	err := sessionstream.WriteFrame(conn, channel, payload)
	c.writeMu.Unlock()
	if err != nil {
		_ = conn.Close()
		c.clearAttach(conn)
	}
}

func (c *guestSessionController) writeControl(message sessionstream.ControlMessage) {
	c.attachMu.Lock()
	conn := c.attach
	c.attachMu.Unlock()
	if conn == nil {
		return
	}
	c.writeMu.Lock()
	err := sessionstream.WriteControl(conn, message)
	c.writeMu.Unlock()
	if err != nil {
		_ = conn.Close()
		c.clearAttach(conn)
	}
}

func (c *guestSessionController) close() error {
	if c == nil {
		return nil
	}
	var err error
	c.closeOnce.Do(func() {
		c.attachMu.Lock()
		conn := c.attach
		c.attach = nil
		c.attachMu.Unlock()
		if conn != nil {
			err = errors.Join(err, conn.Close())
		}
		if c.stdin != nil {
			err = errors.Join(err, c.stdin.Close())
		}
		if c.stream != nil {
			err = errors.Join(err, c.stream.Close())
		}
		for _, stream := range c.streams {
			if stream != nil {
				err = errors.Join(err, stream.Close())
			}
		}
	})
	return err
}

type guestSessionStateSnapshot struct {
	Status    string
	GuestPID  int
	ExitCode  *int
	Alive     bool
	LastError string
}

func (d *Daemon) StartGuestSession(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionStartParams) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	stdinMode := model.GuestSessionStdinMode(strings.TrimSpace(params.StdinMode))
	if stdinMode == "" {
		stdinMode = model.GuestSessionStdinClosed
	}
	if stdinMode != model.GuestSessionStdinClosed && stdinMode != model.GuestSessionStdinPipe {
		return model.GuestSession{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported stdin mode %q", params.StdinMode)
	}
	if strings.TrimSpace(params.Command) == "" {
		return model.GuestSession{}, errors.New("session command is required")
	}
	var created model.GuestSession
	_, err := d.withVMLockByRef(ctx, params.VMIDOrName, func(vm model.VMRecord) (model.VMRecord, error) {
		if vm.State != model.VMStateRunning || !system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath) {
			return model.VMRecord{}, fmt.Errorf("vm %q is not running", vm.Name)
		}
		session, err := d.startGuestSessionLocked(ctx, vm, params, stdinMode)
		if err != nil {
			return model.VMRecord{}, err
		}
		created = session
		return vm, nil
	})
	return created, err
}

func (d *Daemon) startGuestSessionLocked(ctx context.Context, vm model.VMRecord, params api.GuestSessionStartParams, stdinMode model.GuestSessionStdinMode) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	id, err := model.NewID()
	if err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	now := model.Now()
	session := model.GuestSession{
		ID:            id,
		VMID:          vm.ID,
		Name:          defaultGuestSessionName(id, params.Command, params.Name),
		Backend:       guestSessionBackendSSH,
		Command:       params.Command,
		Args:          append([]string(nil), params.Args...),
		CWD:           strings.TrimSpace(params.CWD),
		Env:           cloneStringMap(params.Env),
		StdinMode:     stdinMode,
		Status:        model.GuestSessionStatusStarting,
		GuestStateDir: guestSessionStateDir(id),
		StdoutLogPath: guestSessionStdoutLogPath(id),
		StderrLogPath: guestSessionStderrLogPath(id),
		Tags:          cloneStringMap(params.Tags),
		Attachable:    stdinMode == model.GuestSessionStdinPipe,
		Reattachable:  stdinMode == model.GuestSessionStdinPipe,
		CreatedAt:     now,
		UpdatedAt:     now,
	}
	if session.Attachable {
		session.AttachBackend = guestSessionAttachBackendSSHBridge
		session.AttachMode = guestSessionAttachModeExclusive
	} else {
		session.AttachBackend = guestSessionAttachBackendNone
	}
	if err := d.store.UpsertGuestSession(ctx, session); err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	fail := func(stage, message, rawLog string) (model.GuestSession, error) {
		session = failGuestSessionLaunch(session, stage, message, rawLog)
		if err := d.store.UpsertGuestSession(ctx, session); err != nil {
			return model.GuestSession{}, err
		}
		return session, nil
	}
	address := net.JoinHostPort(vm.Runtime.GuestIP, "22")
	if err := d.waitForGuestSSH(ctx, address, 250*time.Millisecond); err != nil {
		return fail("ssh_unavailable", fmt.Sprintf("guest ssh unavailable: %v", err), "")
	}
	client, err := d.dialGuest(ctx, address)
	if err != nil {
		return fail("dial_guest", fmt.Sprintf("dial guest ssh: %v", err), "")
	}
	defer client.Close()
	var preflightLog bytes.Buffer
	if err := client.RunScript(ctx, guestSessionCWDPreflightScript(session.CWD), &preflightLog); err != nil {
		return fail("preflight_cwd", fmt.Sprintf("guest working directory is unavailable: %s", defaultGuestSessionCWD(session.CWD)), preflightLog.String())
	}
	preflightLog.Reset()
	requiredCommands := normalizeGuestSessionRequiredCommands(params.Command, params.RequiredCommands)
	if err := client.RunScript(ctx, guestSessionCommandPreflightScript(requiredCommands), &preflightLog); err != nil {
		return fail("preflight_command", fmt.Sprintf("required guest command is unavailable: %s", strings.TrimSpace(preflightLog.String())), preflightLog.String())
	}
	var uploadLog bytes.Buffer
	if err := client.UploadFile(ctx, guestSessionScriptPath(id), 0o755, []byte(guestSessionScript(session)), &uploadLog); err != nil {
		return fail("upload_script", "upload guest session script failed", uploadLog.String())
	}
	var launchLog bytes.Buffer
	launchScript := fmt.Sprintf("set -euo pipefail\nnohup bash %s >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null &\ndisown || true\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionScriptPath(id)))
	if err := client.RunScript(ctx, launchScript, &launchLog); err != nil {
		return fail("launch", "launch guest session failed", launchLog.String())
	}
	readyCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()
	updated, err := d.waitForGuestSessionReadyHook(readyCtx, vm, session)
	if err != nil {
		return fail("ready_wait", "guest session did not report ready state", err.Error())
	}
	session = updated
	if session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusStarting {
		session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusRunning
		session.StartedAt = model.Now()
		session.UpdatedAt = model.Now()
	}
	session.LaunchStage = ""
	session.LaunchMessage = ""
	session.LaunchRawLog = ""
	session.LastError = ""
	if err := d.store.UpsertGuestSession(ctx, session); err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	return session, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) GetGuestSession(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionRefParams) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	vm, err := d.FindVM(ctx, params.VMIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	session, err := d.findGuestSession(ctx, vm.ID, params.SessionIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	return d.refreshGuestSession(ctx, vm, session)
}

func (d *Daemon) ListGuestSessions(ctx context.Context, params api.VMRefParams) ([]model.GuestSession, error) {
	vm, err := d.FindVM(ctx, params.IDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	sessions, err := d.store.ListGuestSessionsByVM(ctx, vm.ID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for index := range sessions {
		refreshed, refreshErr := d.refreshGuestSession(ctx, vm, sessions[index])
		if refreshErr == nil {
			sessions[index] = refreshed
		}
	}
	return sessions, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) StopGuestSession(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionRefParams) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	return d.signalGuestSession(ctx, params, "TERM")
}

func (d *Daemon) KillGuestSession(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionRefParams) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	return d.signalGuestSession(ctx, params, "KILL")
}

func (d *Daemon) signalGuestSession(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionRefParams, signal string) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	vm, err := d.FindVM(ctx, params.VMIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	session, err := d.findGuestSession(ctx, vm.ID, params.SessionIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	session, _ = d.refreshGuestSession(ctx, vm, session)
	if session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusExited || session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusFailed {
		return session, nil
	}
	if vm.State != model.VMStateRunning || !system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath) {
		session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusFailed
		session.LastError = "vm is not running"
		now := model.Now()
		session.UpdatedAt = now
		session.EndedAt = now
		session.Attachable = false
		if err := d.store.UpsertGuestSession(ctx, session); err != nil {
			return model.GuestSession{}, err
		}
		return session, nil
	}
	client, err := guest.Dial(ctx, net.JoinHostPort(vm.Runtime.GuestIP, "22"), d.config.SSHKeyPath)
	if err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	defer client.Close()
	var log bytes.Buffer
	if err := client.RunScript(ctx, guestSessionSignalScript(session.ID, signal), &log); err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, formatGuestSessionStepError("signal guest session", err, log.String())
	}
	session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusStopping
	session.UpdatedAt = model.Now()
	if err := d.store.UpsertGuestSession(ctx, session); err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	return session, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) GuestSessionLogs(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionLogsParams) (api.GuestSessionLogsResult, error) {
	vm, err := d.FindVM(ctx, params.VMIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionLogsResult{}, err
	}
	session, err := d.findGuestSession(ctx, vm.ID, params.SessionIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionLogsResult{}, err
	}
	streamName := strings.TrimSpace(params.Stream)
	if streamName == "" {
		streamName = "stdout"
	}
	tailLines := params.TailLines
	if tailLines <= 0 {
		tailLines = guestSessionLogTailLine
	}
	path := session.StdoutLogPath
	if streamName == "stderr" {
		path = session.StderrLogPath
	}
	content, err := d.readGuestSessionLog(ctx, vm, session, streamName, tailLines)
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionLogsResult{}, err
	}
	return api.GuestSessionLogsResult{Session: session, Stream: streamName, Path: path, Content: content}, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) SendToGuestSession(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionSendParams) (api.GuestSessionSendResult, error) {
	vm, err := d.FindVM(ctx, params.VMIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, err
	}
	session, err := d.findGuestSession(ctx, vm.ID, params.SessionIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, err
	}
	if session.StdinMode != model.GuestSessionStdinPipe {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, errors.New("session does not have a stdin pipe")
	}
	if session.Status != model.GuestSessionStatusRunning {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, fmt.Errorf("session is not running (status=%s)", session.Status)
	}
	if vm.State != model.VMStateRunning || !system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath) {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, fmt.Errorf("vm %q is not running", vm.Name)
	}
	if len(params.Payload) == 0 {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{Session: session}, nil
	}
	client, err := d.dialGuest(ctx, net.JoinHostPort(vm.Runtime.GuestIP, "22"))
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, fmt.Errorf("dial guest: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()
	tmpPath := fmt.Sprintf("/tmp/banger-send-%s.bin", session.ID[:8])
	var uploadLog bytes.Buffer
	if err := client.UploadFile(ctx, tmpPath, 0o600, params.Payload, &uploadLog); err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, fmt.Errorf("upload payload: %w", err)
	}
	sendScript := fmt.Sprintf(
		"set -euo pipefail\ncat %s >> %s\nrm -f %s\n",
		guestShellQuote(tmpPath),
		guestShellQuote(guestSessionStdinPipePath(session.ID)),
		guestShellQuote(tmpPath),
	)
	var sendLog bytes.Buffer
	if err := client.RunScript(ctx, sendScript, &sendLog); err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionSendResult{}, fmt.Errorf("send to session: %w: %s", err, strings.TrimSpace(sendLog.String()))
	}
	return api.GuestSessionSendResult{Session: session, BytesWritten: len(params.Payload)}, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) BeginGuestSessionAttach(ctx context.Context, params api.GuestSessionAttachBeginParams) (api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult, error) {
	vm, err := d.FindVM(ctx, params.VMIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{}, err
	}
	session, err := d.findGuestSession(ctx, vm.ID, params.SessionIDOrName)
	if err != nil {
		return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{}, err
	}
	session, _ = d.refreshGuestSession(ctx, vm, session)
	if !session.Attachable {
		return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{}, errors.New("session is not attachable")
	}
	controller := &guestSessionController{}
	if !d.claimGuestSessionController(session.ID, controller) {
		return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{}, errors.New("session already has an active attach")
	}
	attachID, err := model.NewID()
	if err != nil {
		d.clearGuestSessionController(session.ID)
		return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{}, err
	}
	socketPath := filepath.Join(d.layout.RuntimeDir, "guest-session-attach-"+attachID[:12]+".sock")
	_ = os.Remove(socketPath)
	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", socketPath)
	if err != nil {
		d.clearGuestSessionController(session.ID)
		return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{}, err
	}
	if err := os.Chmod(socketPath, 0o600); err != nil {
		_ = listener.Close()
		_ = os.Remove(socketPath)
		d.clearGuestSessionController(session.ID)
		return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{}, err
	}
	go d.serveGuestSessionAttach(session, controller, attachID, socketPath, listener)
	return api.GuestSessionAttachBeginResult{
		Session:         session,
		AttachID:        attachID,
		TransportKind:   guestSessionTransportUnixSocket,
		TransportTarget: socketPath,
		SocketPath:      socketPath,
		StreamFormat:    sessionstream.FormatV1,
	}, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) setGuestSessionController(id string, controller *guestSessionController) {
	d.mu.Lock()
	defer d.mu.Unlock()
	d.sessionControllers[id] = controller
}

func (d *Daemon) claimGuestSessionController(id string, controller *guestSessionController) bool {
	d.mu.Lock()
	defer d.mu.Unlock()
	if d.sessionControllers[id] != nil {
		return false
	}
	d.sessionControllers[id] = controller
	return true
}

func (d *Daemon) getGuestSessionController(id string) *guestSessionController {
	d.mu.Lock()
	defer d.mu.Unlock()
	return d.sessionControllers[id]
}

func (d *Daemon) clearGuestSessionController(id string) *guestSessionController {
	d.mu.Lock()
	defer d.mu.Unlock()
	controller := d.sessionControllers[id]
	delete(d.sessionControllers, id)
	return controller
}

func (d *Daemon) closeGuestSessionControllers() error {
	d.mu.Lock()
	controllers := make([]*guestSessionController, 0, len(d.sessionControllers))
	for _, controller := range d.sessionControllers {
		controllers = append(controllers, controller)
	}
	d.sessionControllers = nil
	d.mu.Unlock()
	var err error
	for _, controller := range controllers {
		err = errors.Join(err, controller.close())
	}
	return err
}

func (d *Daemon) forwardGuestSessionOutput(_ string, controller *guestSessionController, channel byte, reader io.Reader) {
	buffer := make([]byte, 32*1024)
	for {
		n, err := reader.Read(buffer)
		if n > 0 {
			controller.writeFrame(channel, buffer[:n])
		}
		if err != nil {
			if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
				controller.writeControl(sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "error", Error: err.Error()})
			}
			return
		}
	}
}

func (d *Daemon) waitForGuestSessionExit(id string, controller *guestSessionController, session model.GuestSession) {
	err := controller.stream.Wait()
	updated := session
	updated.Attachable = false
	now := model.Now()
	updated.UpdatedAt = now
	updated.EndedAt = now
	if exitCode, ok := guestSessionExitCode(err); ok {
		updated.ExitCode = &exitCode
		if exitCode == 0 {
			updated.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusExited
		} else {
			updated.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusFailed
		}
	}
	if err != nil && updated.LastError == "" {
		updated.LastError = err.Error()
	}
	if vm, getErr := d.store.GetVMByID(context.Background(), updated.VMID); getErr == nil {
		if refreshed, refreshErr := d.refreshGuestSession(context.Background(), vm, updated); refreshErr == nil {
			updated = refreshed
		}
	}
	_ = d.store.UpsertGuestSession(context.Background(), updated)
	controller.writeControl(sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "exit", ExitCode: updated.ExitCode})
	_ = controller.close()
	d.clearGuestSessionController(id)
}

func (d *Daemon) serveGuestSessionAttach(session model.GuestSession, controller *guestSessionController, _ string, socketPath string, listener net.Listener) {
	defer func() {
		_ = listener.Close()
		_ = os.Remove(socketPath)
		_ = controller.close()
		d.clearGuestSessionController(session.ID)
	}()
	conn, err := listener.Accept()
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	defer conn.Close()
	if err := controller.setAttach(conn); err != nil {
		_ = sessionstream.WriteControl(conn, sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "error", Error: err.Error()})
		return
	}
	defer controller.clearAttach(conn)
	if err := d.attachGuestSessionBridge(session, controller); err != nil {
		_ = sessionstream.WriteControl(conn, sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "error", Error: err.Error()})
		return
	}
	for {
		channel, payload, err := sessionstream.ReadFrame(conn)
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
		switch channel {
		case sessionstream.ChannelStdin:
			if controller.stdin == nil {
				continue
			}
			if _, err := controller.stdin.Write(payload); err != nil {
				_ = sessionstream.WriteControl(conn, sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "error", Error: err.Error()})
				return
			}
		case sessionstream.ChannelControl:
			message, err := sessionstream.ReadControl(payload)
			if err != nil {
				_ = sessionstream.WriteControl(conn, sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "error", Error: err.Error()})
				return
			}
			if message.Type == "eof" && controller.stdin != nil {
				_ = controller.stdin.Close()
			}
		}
	}
}

func (d *Daemon) attachGuestSessionBridge(session model.GuestSession, controller *guestSessionController) error {
	vm, err := d.store.GetVMByID(context.Background(), session.VMID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if vm.State != model.VMStateRunning || !system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath) {
		return fmt.Errorf("vm %q is not running", vm.Name)
	}
	address := net.JoinHostPort(vm.Runtime.GuestIP, "22")
	stdinStream, err := d.openGuestSessionAttachStream(address, guestSessionAttachInputCommand(session.ID))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("open guest session stdin stream: %w", err)
	}
	stdoutStream, err := d.openGuestSessionAttachStream(address, guestSessionAttachTailCommand(session.StdoutLogPath))
	if err != nil {
		_ = stdinStream.Close()
		return fmt.Errorf("open guest session stdout stream: %w", err)
	}
	stderrStream, err := d.openGuestSessionAttachStream(address, guestSessionAttachTailCommand(session.StderrLogPath))
	if err != nil {
		_ = stdinStream.Close()
		_ = stdoutStream.Close()
		return fmt.Errorf("open guest session stderr stream: %w", err)
	}
	controller.streams = append(controller.streams, stdinStream, stdoutStream, stderrStream)
	controller.stdin = stdinStream.Stdin()
	go d.forwardGuestSessionOutput(session.ID, controller, sessionstream.ChannelStdout, stdoutStream.Stdout())
	go d.forwardGuestSessionOutput(session.ID, controller, sessionstream.ChannelStderr, stderrStream.Stdout())
	go d.watchGuestSessionAttach(session.ID, controller, session)
	return nil
}

func (d *Daemon) openGuestSessionAttachStream(address, command string) (*guest.StreamSession, error) {
	client, err := guest.Dial(context.Background(), address, d.config.SSHKeyPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	stream, err := client.StartCommand(context.Background(), command)
	if err != nil {
		_ = client.Close()
		return nil, err
	}
	return stream, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) watchGuestSessionAttach(id string, controller *guestSessionController, session model.GuestSession) {
	ticker := time.NewTicker(250 * time.Millisecond)
	defer ticker.Stop()
	for range ticker.C {
		vm, err := d.store.GetVMByID(context.Background(), session.VMID)
		if err != nil {
			controller.writeControl(sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "error", Error: err.Error()})
			_ = controller.close()
			return
		}
		refreshed, err := d.refreshGuestSession(context.Background(), vm, session)
		if err == nil {
			session = refreshed
		}
		if session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusExited || session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusFailed {
			controller.writeControl(sessionstream.ControlMessage{Type: "exit", ExitCode: session.ExitCode})
			_ = controller.close()
			return
		}
	}
}

func (d *Daemon) waitForGuestSessionReadyDefault(ctx context.Context, vm model.VMRecord, session model.GuestSession) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	for {
		updated, err := d.refreshGuestSession(ctx, vm, session)
		if err == nil {
			session = updated
			if session.GuestPID != 0 || session.ExitCode != nil || session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusRunning || session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusFailed || session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusExited {
				return session, nil
			}
		}
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return session, ctx.Err()
		case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
		}
	}
}

func (d *Daemon) refreshGuestSession(ctx context.Context, vm model.VMRecord, session model.GuestSession) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	if session.Status != model.GuestSessionStatusStarting && session.Status != model.GuestSessionStatusRunning && session.Status != model.GuestSessionStatusStopping {
		return session, nil
	}
	snapshot, err := d.inspectGuestSessionState(ctx, vm, session)
	if err != nil {
		return session, err
	}
	original := session
	applyGuestSessionSnapshot(&session, snapshot, vm.State == model.VMStateRunning && system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath))
	if guestSessionStateChanged(original, session) {
		session.UpdatedAt = model.Now()
		if err := d.store.UpsertGuestSession(ctx, session); err != nil {
			return session, err
		}
	}
	return session, nil
}

func applyGuestSessionSnapshot(session *model.GuestSession, snapshot guestSessionStateSnapshot, vmRunning bool) {
	if session == nil {
		return
	}
	if snapshot.GuestPID != 0 {
		session.GuestPID = snapshot.GuestPID
	}
	if snapshot.LastError != "" {
		session.LastError = snapshot.LastError
	}
	if snapshot.ExitCode != nil {
		session.ExitCode = snapshot.ExitCode
		session.Attachable = false
		session.Reattachable = false
		if session.StartedAt.IsZero() {
			session.StartedAt = model.Now()
		}
		if session.EndedAt.IsZero() {
			session.EndedAt = model.Now()
		}
		if *snapshot.ExitCode == 0 {
			session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusExited
		} else {
			session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusFailed
		}
		return
	}
	if snapshot.Alive {
		if session.StartedAt.IsZero() {
			session.StartedAt = model.Now()
		}
		session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusRunning
		return
	}
	if !vmRunning && (session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusStarting || session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusRunning || session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusStopping) {
		session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusFailed
		session.Attachable = false
		session.Reattachable = false
		if session.LastError == "" {
			session.LastError = "vm is not running"
		}
		if session.EndedAt.IsZero() {
			session.EndedAt = model.Now()
		}
		return
	}
	if snapshot.Status == string(model.GuestSessionStatusRunning) {
		if session.StartedAt.IsZero() {
			session.StartedAt = model.Now()
		}
		session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusRunning
	}
	if session.Status == model.GuestSessionStatusRunning && session.StdinMode == model.GuestSessionStdinPipe {
		session.Attachable = true
		session.Reattachable = true
		if session.AttachBackend == "" {
			session.AttachBackend = guestSessionAttachBackendSSHBridge
		}
		if session.AttachMode == "" {
			session.AttachMode = guestSessionAttachModeExclusive
		}
	}
}

func (d *Daemon) inspectGuestSessionState(ctx context.Context, vm model.VMRecord, session model.GuestSession) (guestSessionStateSnapshot, error) {
	if vm.State == model.VMStateRunning && system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath) {
		client, err := guest.Dial(ctx, net.JoinHostPort(vm.Runtime.GuestIP, "22"), d.config.SSHKeyPath)
		if err != nil {
			return guestSessionStateSnapshot{}, err
		}
		defer client.Close()
		var output bytes.Buffer
		if err := client.RunScript(ctx, guestSessionInspectScript(session.ID), &output); err != nil {
			return guestSessionStateSnapshot{}, formatGuestSessionStepError("inspect guest session state", err, output.String())
		}
		return parseGuestSessionState(output.String())
	}
	return d.inspectGuestSessionStateFromWorkDisk(ctx, vm, session.ID)
}

func (d *Daemon) inspectGuestSessionStateFromWorkDisk(ctx context.Context, vm model.VMRecord, sessionID string) (guestSessionStateSnapshot, error) {
	runner := d.runner
	if runner == nil {
		runner = system.NewRunner()
	}
	workMount, cleanup, err := system.MountTempDir(ctx, runner, vm.Runtime.WorkDiskPath, false)
	if err != nil {
		return guestSessionStateSnapshot{}, err
	}
	defer cleanup()
	stateDir := filepath.Join(workMount, guestSessionRelativeStateDir(sessionID))
	return inspectGuestSessionStateFromDir(stateDir)
}

func inspectGuestSessionStateFromDir(stateDir string) (guestSessionStateSnapshot, error) {
	var snapshot guestSessionStateSnapshot
	statusData, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(stateDir, "status"))
	snapshot.Status = strings.TrimSpace(string(statusData))
	pidData, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(stateDir, "pid"))
	if pidValue, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(pidData))); err == nil {
		snapshot.GuestPID = pidValue
	}
	exitData, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(stateDir, "exit_code"))
	if exitValue, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(exitData))); err == nil {
		snapshot.ExitCode = &exitValue
	}
	errorData, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(stateDir, "error"))
	snapshot.LastError = strings.TrimSpace(string(errorData))
	if snapshot.GuestPID != 0 {
		snapshot.Alive = processAlive(snapshot.GuestPID)
	}
	return snapshot, nil
}

func (d *Daemon) readGuestSessionLog(ctx context.Context, vm model.VMRecord, session model.GuestSession, stream string, tailLines int) (string, error) {
	if vm.State == model.VMStateRunning && system.ProcessRunning(vm.Runtime.PID, vm.Runtime.APISockPath) {
		client, err := guest.Dial(ctx, net.JoinHostPort(vm.Runtime.GuestIP, "22"), d.config.SSHKeyPath)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		defer client.Close()
		path := session.StdoutLogPath
		if stream == "stderr" {
			path = session.StderrLogPath
		}
		var output bytes.Buffer
		script := fmt.Sprintf("set -euo pipefail\nif [ -f %s ]; then tail -n %d %s; fi\n", guestShellQuote(path), tailLines, guestShellQuote(path))
		if err := client.RunScript(ctx, script, &output); err != nil {
			return "", formatGuestSessionStepError("read guest session log", err, output.String())
		}
		return output.String(), nil
	}
	runner := d.runner
	if runner == nil {
		runner = system.NewRunner()
	}
	workMount, cleanup, err := system.MountTempDir(ctx, runner, vm.Runtime.WorkDiskPath, false)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	defer cleanup()
	logPath := filepath.Join(workMount, guestSessionRelativeStateDir(session.ID), stream+".log")
	return tailFileContent(logPath, tailLines)
}

func (d *Daemon) findGuestSession(ctx context.Context, vmID, idOrName string) (model.GuestSession, error) {
	if strings.TrimSpace(idOrName) == "" {
		return model.GuestSession{}, errors.New("session id or name is required")
	}
	if session, err := d.store.GetGuestSession(ctx, vmID, idOrName); err == nil {
		return session, nil
	}
	sessions, err := d.store.ListGuestSessionsByVM(ctx, vmID)
	if err != nil {
		return model.GuestSession{}, err
	}
	matches := make([]model.GuestSession, 0, 1)
	for _, session := range sessions {
		if strings.HasPrefix(session.ID, idOrName) || strings.HasPrefix(session.Name, idOrName) {
			matches = append(matches, session)
		}
	}
	switch len(matches) {
	case 0:
		return model.GuestSession{}, fmt.Errorf("session %q not found", idOrName)
	case 1:
		return matches[0], nil
	default:
		return model.GuestSession{}, fmt.Errorf("multiple sessions match %q", idOrName)
	}
}

func guestSessionScript(session model.GuestSession) string {
	var script strings.Builder
	script.WriteString("set -euo pipefail\n")
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "STATE_DIR=%s\n", guestShellQuote(session.GuestStateDir))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "STDOUT_LOG=%s\n", guestShellQuote(session.StdoutLogPath))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "STDERR_LOG=%s\n", guestShellQuote(session.StderrLogPath))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "PID_FILE=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionPIDPath(session.ID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "MONITOR_PID_FILE=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionMonitorPIDPath(session.ID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "EXIT_FILE=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionExitCodePath(session.ID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "STATUS_FILE=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionStatusPath(session.ID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "ERROR_FILE=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionErrorPath(session.ID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "STDIN_PIPE=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionStdinPipePath(session.ID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "STDIN_KEEPALIVE_PID_FILE=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionStdinKeepalivePIDPath(session.ID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "SESSION_CWD=%s\n", guestShellQuote(defaultGuestSessionCWD(session.CWD)))
	script.WriteString("mkdir -p \"$STATE_DIR\"\n")
	script.WriteString(": >\"$STDOUT_LOG\"\n")
	script.WriteString(": >\"$STDERR_LOG\"\n")
	script.WriteString("rm -f \"$EXIT_FILE\" \"$ERROR_FILE\" \"$STDIN_KEEPALIVE_PID_FILE\"\n")
	if session.StdinMode == model.GuestSessionStdinPipe {
		script.WriteString("rm -f \"$STDIN_PIPE\"\n")
		script.WriteString("mkfifo -m 600 \"$STDIN_PIPE\"\n")
	}
	script.WriteString("printf '%s\\n' \"${BASHPID:-$$}\" >\"$MONITOR_PID_FILE\"\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'starting\\n' >\"$STATUS_FILE\"\n")
	script.WriteString("cd \"$SESSION_CWD\"\n")
	script.WriteString("exec > >(tee -a \"$STDOUT_LOG\") 2> >(tee -a \"$STDERR_LOG\" >&2)\n")
	for _, line := range guestSessionEnvLines(session.Env) {
		script.WriteString(line)
		script.WriteByte('\n')
	}
	script.WriteString("COMMAND=(")
	for _, value := range append([]string{session.Command}, session.Args...) {
		script.WriteByte(' ')
		script.WriteString(guestShellQuote(value))
	}
	script.WriteString(" )\n")
	if session.StdinMode == model.GuestSessionStdinPipe {
		script.WriteString("( while :; do sleep 3600; done ) >\"$STDIN_PIPE\" &\n")
		script.WriteString("keepalive=$!\n")
		script.WriteString("printf '%s\\n' \"$keepalive\" >\"$STDIN_KEEPALIVE_PID_FILE\"\n")
		script.WriteString("\"${COMMAND[@]}\" <\"$STDIN_PIPE\" &\n")
	} else {
		script.WriteString("\"${COMMAND[@]}\" &\n")
	}
	script.WriteString("child=$!\n")
	script.WriteString("printf '%s\\n' \"$child\" >\"$PID_FILE\"\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'running\\n' >\"$STATUS_FILE\"\n")
	script.WriteString("wait \"$child\"\n")
	script.WriteString("rc=$?\n")
	if session.StdinMode == model.GuestSessionStdinPipe {
		script.WriteString("if [ -f \"$STDIN_KEEPALIVE_PID_FILE\" ]; then kill \"$(cat \"$STDIN_KEEPALIVE_PID_FILE\")\" 2>/dev/null || true; fi\n")
	}
	script.WriteString("printf '%s\\n' \"$rc\" >\"$EXIT_FILE\"\n")
	script.WriteString("if [ \"$rc\" -eq 0 ]; then printf 'exited\\n' >\"$STATUS_FILE\"; else printf 'failed\\n' >\"$STATUS_FILE\"; fi\n")
	script.WriteString("exit \"$rc\"\n")
	return script.String()
}

func guestSessionInspectScript(sessionID string) string {
	var script strings.Builder
	script.WriteString("set -euo pipefail\n")
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "DIR=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionStateDir(sessionID)))
	script.WriteString("status=''\n")
	script.WriteString("pid=''\n")
	script.WriteString("exit_code=''\n")
	script.WriteString("last_error=''\n")
	script.WriteString("alive=false\n")
	script.WriteString("[ -f \"$DIR/status\" ] && status=\"$(cat \"$DIR/status\")\"\n")
	script.WriteString("[ -f \"$DIR/pid\" ] && pid=\"$(cat \"$DIR/pid\")\"\n")
	script.WriteString("[ -f \"$DIR/exit_code\" ] && exit_code=\"$(cat \"$DIR/exit_code\")\"\n")
	script.WriteString("[ -f \"$DIR/error\" ] && last_error=\"$(cat \"$DIR/error\")\"\n")
	script.WriteString("if [ -n \"$pid\" ] && kill -0 \"$pid\" 2>/dev/null; then alive=true; fi\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'status=%s\\n' \"$status\"\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'pid=%s\\n' \"$pid\"\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'exit=%s\\n' \"$exit_code\"\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'alive=%s\\n' \"$alive\"\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'error=%s\\n' \"$last_error\"\n")
	return script.String()
}

func guestSessionSignalScript(sessionID, signal string) string {
	var script strings.Builder
	script.WriteString("set -euo pipefail\n")
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "DIR=%s\n", guestShellQuote(guestSessionStateDir(sessionID)))
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "SIGNAL=%s\n", guestShellQuote(signal))
	script.WriteString("pid=''\n")
	script.WriteString("monitor=''\n")
	script.WriteString("keepalive=''\n")
	script.WriteString("[ -f \"$DIR/pid\" ] && pid=\"$(cat \"$DIR/pid\")\"\n")
	script.WriteString("[ -f \"$DIR/monitor_pid\" ] && monitor=\"$(cat \"$DIR/monitor_pid\")\"\n")
	script.WriteString("[ -f \"$DIR/stdin_keepalive.pid\" ] && keepalive=\"$(cat \"$DIR/stdin_keepalive.pid\")\"\n")
	script.WriteString("printf 'stopping\\n' >\"$DIR/status\"\n")
	script.WriteString("if [ -n \"$pid\" ]; then kill -${SIGNAL} \"$pid\" 2>/dev/null || true; fi\n")
	script.WriteString("if [ -n \"$monitor\" ]; then kill -${SIGNAL} \"$monitor\" 2>/dev/null || true; fi\n")
	script.WriteString("if [ -n \"$keepalive\" ]; then kill -${SIGNAL} \"$keepalive\" 2>/dev/null || true; fi\n")
	return script.String()
}

func guestSessionStateDir(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateRoot, id))
}

func guestSessionRelativeStateDir(id string) string {
	return strings.TrimPrefix(guestSessionStateDir(id), "/root/")
}

func guestSessionScriptPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "run.sh"))
}

func guestSessionPIDPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "pid"))
}

func guestSessionMonitorPIDPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "monitor_pid"))
}

func guestSessionExitCodePath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "exit_code"))
}

func guestSessionStdinPipePath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "stdin.pipe"))
}

func guestSessionStdinKeepalivePIDPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "stdin_keepalive.pid"))
}

func guestSessionStatusPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "status"))
}

func guestSessionErrorPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "error"))
}

func guestSessionStdoutLogPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "stdout.log"))
}

func guestSessionStderrLogPath(id string) string {
	return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(guestSessionStateDir(id), "stderr.log"))
}

func defaultGuestSessionName(id, command, explicit string) string {
	if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(explicit); trimmed != "" {
		return trimmed
	}
	base := filepath.Base(strings.TrimSpace(command))
	if base == "." || base == string(filepath.Separator) || base == "" {
		base = "session"
	}
	return base + "-" + system.ShortID(id)
}

func defaultGuestSessionCWD(value string) string {
	if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(value); trimmed != "" {
		return trimmed
	}
	return "/root"
}

func failGuestSessionLaunch(session model.GuestSession, stage, message, rawLog string) model.GuestSession {
	now := model.Now()
	session.Status = model.GuestSessionStatusFailed
	session.LastError = strings.TrimSpace(message)
	session.Attachable = false
	session.Reattachable = false
	session.LaunchStage = strings.TrimSpace(stage)
	session.LaunchMessage = strings.TrimSpace(message)
	session.LaunchRawLog = strings.TrimSpace(rawLog)
	session.UpdatedAt = now
	session.EndedAt = now
	return session
}

func normalizeGuestSessionRequiredCommands(command string, extras []string) []string {
	ordered := make([]string, 0, len(extras)+1)
	seen := map[string]struct{}{}
	appendValue := func(value string) {
		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(value)
		if trimmed == "" {
			return
		}
		if _, ok := seen[trimmed]; ok {
			return
		}
		seen[trimmed] = struct{}{}
		ordered = append(ordered, trimmed)
	}
	appendValue(command)
	for _, extra := range extras {
		appendValue(extra)
	}
	return ordered
}

func guestSessionCWDPreflightScript(cwd string) string {
	var script strings.Builder
	script.WriteString("set -euo pipefail\n")
	fmt.Fprintf(&script, "DIR=%s\n", guestShellQuote(defaultGuestSessionCWD(cwd)))
	script.WriteString("if [ ! -d \"$DIR\" ]; then echo \"missing cwd: $DIR\"; exit 1; fi\n")
	return script.String()
}

func guestSessionCommandPreflightScript(commands []string) string {
	var script strings.Builder
	script.WriteString("set -euo pipefail\n")
	script.WriteString("check_command() {\n")
	script.WriteString("  cmd=\"$1\"\n")
	script.WriteString("  case \"$cmd\" in\n")
	script.WriteString("    */*) [ -x \"$cmd\" ] || { echo \"missing command: $cmd\"; exit 1; } ;;\n")
	script.WriteString("    *) command -v \"$cmd\" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo \"missing command: $cmd\"; exit 1; } ;;\n")
	script.WriteString("  esac\n")
	script.WriteString("}\n")
	for _, command := range commands {
		fmt.Fprintf(&script, "check_command %s\n", guestShellQuote(command))
	}
	return script.String()
}

func guestSessionAttachInputCommand(sessionID string) string {
	path := guestSessionStdinPipePath(sessionID)
	return "bash -lc " + guestShellQuote(fmt.Sprintf("set -euo pipefail\n[ -p %s ] || mkfifo -m 600 %s\nexec cat > %s\n", guestShellQuote(path), guestShellQuote(path), guestShellQuote(path)))
}

func guestSessionAttachTailCommand(path string) string {
	return "bash -lc " + guestShellQuote(fmt.Sprintf("set -euo pipefail\ntouch %s\nexec tail -n 0 -F %s 2>/dev/null\n", guestShellQuote(path), guestShellQuote(path)))
}

func guestSessionEnvLines(values map[string]string) []string {
	if len(values) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	keys := make([]string, 0, len(values))
	for key := range values {
		keys = append(keys, key)
	}
	sort.Strings(keys)
	lines := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
	for _, key := range keys {
		lines = append(lines, "export "+key+"="+guestShellQuote(values[key]))
	}
	return lines
}

func guestShellQuote(value string) string {
	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(value, "'", `'"'"'`) + "'"
}

func parseGuestSessionState(raw string) (guestSessionStateSnapshot, error) {
	var snapshot guestSessionStateSnapshot
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(raw))
	for scanner.Scan() {
		line := scanner.Text()
		key, value, ok := strings.Cut(line, "=")
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		switch strings.TrimSpace(key) {
		case "status":
			snapshot.Status = strings.TrimSpace(value)
		case "pid":
			if pid, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(value)); err == nil {
				snapshot.GuestPID = pid
			}
		case "exit":
			if exitCode, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(value)); err == nil {
				snapshot.ExitCode = &exitCode
			}
		case "alive":
			snapshot.Alive = strings.TrimSpace(value) == "true"
		case "error":
			snapshot.LastError = strings.TrimSpace(value)
		}
	}
	return snapshot, scanner.Err()
}

func guestSessionExitCode(err error) (int, bool) {
	if err == nil {
		return 0, true
	}
	var exitErr *ssh.ExitError
	if errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
		return exitErr.ExitStatus(), true
	}
	return 0, false
}

func cloneStringMap(values map[string]string) map[string]string {
	if len(values) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	cloned := make(map[string]string, len(values))
	for key, value := range values {
		cloned[key] = value
	}
	return cloned
}

func tailFileContent(path string, lines int) (string, error) {
	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
	if err != nil {
		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return "", nil
		}
		return "", err
	}
	if lines <= 0 {
		return string(data), nil
	}
	parts := strings.Split(string(data), "\n")
	if len(parts) <= lines {
		return string(data), nil
	}
	return strings.Join(parts[len(parts)-lines-1:], "\n"), nil
}

func processAlive(pid int) bool {
	if pid <= 0 {
		return false
	}
	return syscallKill(pid, syscall.Signal(0)) == nil
}

var syscallKill = func(pid int, signal os.Signal) error {
	proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return proc.Signal(signal)
}

func formatGuestSessionStepError(action string, err error, log string) error {
	log = strings.TrimSpace(log)
	if log == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", action, err)
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w: %s", action, err, log)
}

func guestSessionStateChanged(before, after model.GuestSession) bool {
	if before.Status != after.Status || before.GuestPID != after.GuestPID || before.LastError != after.LastError || before.Attachable != after.Attachable || before.Reattachable != after.Reattachable || before.AttachBackend != after.AttachBackend || before.AttachMode != after.AttachMode || before.LaunchStage != after.LaunchStage || before.LaunchMessage != after.LaunchMessage || before.LaunchRawLog != after.LaunchRawLog {
		return true
	}
	if before.StartedAt != after.StartedAt || before.EndedAt != after.EndedAt {
		return true
	}
	switch {
	case before.ExitCode == nil && after.ExitCode == nil:
		return false
	case before.ExitCode == nil || after.ExitCode == nil:
		return true
	default:
		return *before.ExitCode != *after.ExitCode
	}
}