banger/internal/roothelper/roothelper.go

package roothelper

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"net"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"

	"banger/internal/daemon/dmsnap"
	"banger/internal/daemon/fcproc"
	"banger/internal/firecracker"
	"banger/internal/hostnat"
	"banger/internal/installmeta"
	"banger/internal/paths"
	"banger/internal/rpc"
	"banger/internal/system"
)

const (
	methodEnsureBridge           = "priv.ensure_bridge"
	methodCreateTap              = "priv.create_tap"
	methodDeleteTap              = "priv.delete_tap"
	methodSyncResolverRouting    = "priv.sync_resolver_routing"
	methodClearResolverRouting   = "priv.clear_resolver_routing"
	methodEnsureNAT              = "priv.ensure_nat"
	methodCreateDMSnapshot       = "priv.create_dm_snapshot"
	methodCleanupDMSnapshot      = "priv.cleanup_dm_snapshot"
	methodRemoveDMSnapshot       = "priv.remove_dm_snapshot"
	methodFsckSnapshot           = "priv.fsck_snapshot"
	methodReadExt4File           = "priv.read_ext4_file"
	methodWriteExt4Files         = "priv.write_ext4_files"
	methodResolveFirecrackerBin  = "priv.resolve_firecracker_binary"
	methodLaunchFirecracker      = "priv.launch_firecracker"
	methodEnsureSocketAccess     = "priv.ensure_socket_access"
	methodFindFirecrackerPID     = "priv.find_firecracker_pid"
	methodKillProcess            = "priv.kill_process"
	methodSignalProcess          = "priv.signal_process"
	methodProcessRunning         = "priv.process_running"
	rootfsDMNamePrefix           = "fc-rootfs-"
	vmTapPrefix                  = "tap-fc-"
	tapPoolPrefix                = "tap-pool-"
	vmResolverRouteDomain        = "~vm"
	defaultFirecrackerBinaryName = "firecracker"
)

type NetworkConfig struct {
	BridgeName string `json:"bridge_name"`
	BridgeIP   string `json:"bridge_ip"`
	CIDR       string `json:"cidr"`
}

type Ext4Write struct {
	GuestPath string `json:"guest_path"`
	Data      []byte `json:"data"`
	Mode      uint32 `json:"mode"`
}

type FirecrackerLaunchRequest struct {
	BinaryPath      string                    `json:"binary_path"`
	VMID            string                    `json:"vm_id"`
	SocketPath      string                    `json:"socket_path"`
	LogPath         string                    `json:"log_path"`
	MetricsPath     string                    `json:"metrics_path"`
	KernelImagePath string                    `json:"kernel_image_path"`
	InitrdPath      string                    `json:"initrd_path,omitempty"`
	KernelArgs      string                    `json:"kernel_args"`
	Drives          []firecracker.DriveConfig `json:"drives"`
	TapDevice       string                    `json:"tap_device"`
	VSockPath       string                    `json:"vsock_path"`
	VSockCID        uint32                    `json:"vsock_cid"`
	VCPUCount       int                       `json:"vcpu_count"`
	MemoryMiB       int                       `json:"memory_mib"`
	Network         NetworkConfig             `json:"network"`
}

type findPIDResult struct {
	PID int `json:"pid"`
}

type processRunningResult struct {
	Running bool `json:"running"`
}

type readExt4FileResult struct {
	Data []byte `json:"data"`
}

type resolveFirecrackerResult struct {
	Path string `json:"path"`
}

type launchFirecrackerResult struct {
	PID int `json:"pid"`
}

type Client struct {
	socketPath string
}

func NewClient(socketPath string) *Client {
	return &Client{socketPath: strings.TrimSpace(socketPath)}
}

func (c *Client) EnsureBridge(ctx context.Context, cfg NetworkConfig) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodEnsureBridge, cfg)
	return err
}

func (c *Client) CreateTap(ctx context.Context, cfg NetworkConfig, tapName string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodCreateTap, struct {
		NetworkConfig
		TapName string `json:"tap_name"`
	}{NetworkConfig: cfg, TapName: tapName})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) DeleteTap(ctx context.Context, tapName string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodDeleteTap, struct {
		TapName string `json:"tap_name"`
	}{TapName: tapName})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) SyncResolverRouting(ctx context.Context, bridgeName, serverAddr string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodSyncResolverRouting, struct {
		BridgeName string `json:"bridge_name"`
		ServerAddr string `json:"server_addr"`
	}{BridgeName: bridgeName, ServerAddr: serverAddr})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) ClearResolverRouting(ctx context.Context, bridgeName string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodClearResolverRouting, struct {
		BridgeName string `json:"bridge_name"`
	}{BridgeName: bridgeName})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) EnsureNAT(ctx context.Context, guestIP, tap string, enable bool) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodEnsureNAT, struct {
		GuestIP string `json:"guest_ip"`
		Tap     string `json:"tap"`
		Enable  bool   `json:"enable"`
	}{GuestIP: guestIP, Tap: tap, Enable: enable})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) CreateDMSnapshot(ctx context.Context, rootfsPath, cowPath, dmName string) (dmsnap.Handles, error) {
	return rpc.Call[dmsnap.Handles](ctx, c.socketPath, methodCreateDMSnapshot, struct {
		RootfsPath string `json:"rootfs_path"`
		COWPath    string `json:"cow_path"`
		DMName     string `json:"dm_name"`
	}{RootfsPath: rootfsPath, COWPath: cowPath, DMName: dmName})
}

func (c *Client) CleanupDMSnapshot(ctx context.Context, handles dmsnap.Handles) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodCleanupDMSnapshot, handles)
	return err
}

func (c *Client) RemoveDMSnapshot(ctx context.Context, target string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodRemoveDMSnapshot, struct {
		Target string `json:"target"`
	}{Target: target})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) FsckSnapshot(ctx context.Context, dmDev string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodFsckSnapshot, struct {
		DMDev string `json:"dm_dev"`
	}{DMDev: dmDev})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) ReadExt4File(ctx context.Context, imagePath, guestPath string) ([]byte, error) {
	result, err := rpc.Call[readExt4FileResult](ctx, c.socketPath, methodReadExt4File, struct {
		ImagePath string `json:"image_path"`
		GuestPath string `json:"guest_path"`
	}{ImagePath: imagePath, GuestPath: guestPath})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return result.Data, nil
}

func (c *Client) WriteExt4Files(ctx context.Context, imagePath string, files []Ext4Write) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodWriteExt4Files, struct {
		ImagePath string      `json:"image_path"`
		Files     []Ext4Write `json:"files"`
	}{ImagePath: imagePath, Files: files})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) ResolveFirecrackerBinary(ctx context.Context, requested string) (string, error) {
	result, err := rpc.Call[resolveFirecrackerResult](ctx, c.socketPath, methodResolveFirecrackerBin, struct {
		Requested string `json:"requested"`
	}{Requested: requested})
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return result.Path, nil
}

func (c *Client) LaunchFirecracker(ctx context.Context, req FirecrackerLaunchRequest) (int, error) {
	result, err := rpc.Call[launchFirecrackerResult](ctx, c.socketPath, methodLaunchFirecracker, req)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return result.PID, nil
}

func (c *Client) EnsureSocketAccess(ctx context.Context, socketPath, label string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodEnsureSocketAccess, struct {
		SocketPath string `json:"socket_path"`
		Label      string `json:"label"`
	}{SocketPath: socketPath, Label: label})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) FindFirecrackerPID(ctx context.Context, apiSock string) (int, error) {
	result, err := rpc.Call[findPIDResult](ctx, c.socketPath, methodFindFirecrackerPID, struct {
		APISock string `json:"api_sock"`
	}{APISock: apiSock})
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return result.PID, nil
}

func (c *Client) KillProcess(ctx context.Context, pid int) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodKillProcess, struct {
		PID int `json:"pid"`
	}{PID: pid})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) SignalProcess(ctx context.Context, pid int, signal string) error {
	_, err := rpc.Call[struct{}](ctx, c.socketPath, methodSignalProcess, struct {
		PID    int    `json:"pid"`
		Signal string `json:"signal"`
	}{PID: pid, Signal: signal})
	return err
}

func (c *Client) ProcessRunning(ctx context.Context, pid int, apiSock string) (bool, error) {
	result, err := rpc.Call[processRunningResult](ctx, c.socketPath, methodProcessRunning, struct {
		PID     int    `json:"pid"`
		APISock string `json:"api_sock"`
	}{PID: pid, APISock: apiSock})
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	return result.Running, nil
}

type Server struct {
	meta     installmeta.Metadata
	runner   system.CommandRunner
	logger   *slog.Logger
	listener net.Listener
}

func Open() (*Server, error) {
	meta, err := installmeta.Load(installmeta.DefaultPath)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := os.MkdirAll(installmeta.DefaultRootHelperRuntimeDir, 0o711); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := os.Chmod(installmeta.DefaultRootHelperRuntimeDir, 0o711); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &Server{
		meta:   meta,
		runner: system.NewRunner(),
		logger: slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stderr, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelInfo})),
	}, nil
}

func (s *Server) Close() error {
	if s == nil || s.listener == nil {
		return nil
	}
	return s.listener.Close()
}

func (s *Server) Serve(ctx context.Context) error {
	_ = os.Remove(installmeta.DefaultRootHelperSocketPath)
	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", installmeta.DefaultRootHelperSocketPath)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	s.listener = listener
	defer listener.Close()
	defer os.Remove(installmeta.DefaultRootHelperSocketPath)
	if err := os.Chmod(installmeta.DefaultRootHelperSocketPath, 0o600); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := os.Chown(installmeta.DefaultRootHelperSocketPath, s.meta.OwnerUID, s.meta.OwnerGID); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	done := make(chan struct{})
	defer close(done)
	go func() {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			_ = listener.Close()
		case <-done:
		}
	}()

	for {
		conn, err := listener.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return nil
			default:
			}
			var netErr net.Error
			if errors.As(err, &netErr) && netErr.Temporary() {
				time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
				continue
			}
			return err
		}
		go s.handleConn(conn)
	}
}

func (s *Server) handleConn(conn net.Conn) {
	defer conn.Close()
	if err := s.authorizeConn(conn); err != nil {
		_ = json.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(rpc.NewError("unauthorized", err.Error()))
		return
	}
	var req rpc.Request
	if err := json.NewDecoder(bufio.NewReader(conn)).Decode(&req); err != nil {
		_ = json.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(rpc.NewError("bad_request", err.Error()))
		return
	}
	resp := s.dispatch(context.Background(), req)
	_ = json.NewEncoder(conn).Encode(resp)
}

func (s *Server) authorizeConn(conn net.Conn) error {
	unixConn, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn)
	if !ok {
		return errors.New("root helper requires unix connections")
	}
	rawConn, err := unixConn.SyscallConn()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	var cred *unix.Ucred
	var controlErr error
	if err := rawConn.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
		cred, controlErr = unix.GetsockoptUcred(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_PEERCRED)
	}); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if controlErr != nil {
		return controlErr
	}
	if cred == nil {
		return errors.New("missing peer credentials")
	}
	if int(cred.Uid) == 0 || int(cred.Uid) == s.meta.OwnerUID {
		return nil
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("uid %d is not allowed to use the root helper", cred.Uid)
}

func (s *Server) dispatch(ctx context.Context, req rpc.Request) rpc.Response {
	switch req.Method {
	case methodEnsureBridge:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[NetworkConfig](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.ensureBridge(ctx, params))
	case methodCreateTap:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			NetworkConfig
			TapName string `json:"tap_name"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.createTap(ctx, params.NetworkConfig, params.TapName))
	case methodDeleteTap:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			TapName string `json:"tap_name"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.deleteTap(ctx, params.TapName))
	case methodSyncResolverRouting:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			BridgeName string `json:"bridge_name"`
			ServerAddr string `json:"server_addr"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.syncResolverRouting(ctx, params.BridgeName, params.ServerAddr))
	case methodClearResolverRouting:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			BridgeName string `json:"bridge_name"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.clearResolverRouting(ctx, params.BridgeName))
	case methodEnsureNAT:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			GuestIP string `json:"guest_ip"`
			Tap     string `json:"tap"`
			Enable  bool   `json:"enable"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, hostnat.Ensure(ctx, s.runner, params.GuestIP, params.Tap, params.Enable))
	case methodCreateDMSnapshot:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			RootfsPath string `json:"rootfs_path"`
			COWPath    string `json:"cow_path"`
			DMName     string `json:"dm_name"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		if err := s.validateManagedPath(params.RootfsPath, paths.ResolveSystem().StateDir); err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		if err := s.validateManagedPath(params.COWPath, paths.ResolveSystem().StateDir); err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		if err := validateDMName(params.DMName); err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		result, err := dmsnap.Create(ctx, s.runner, params.RootfsPath, params.COWPath, params.DMName)
		return marshalResultOrError(result, err)
	case methodCleanupDMSnapshot:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[dmsnap.Handles](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, dmsnap.Cleanup(ctx, s.runner, params))
	case methodRemoveDMSnapshot:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			Target string `json:"target"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, dmsnap.Remove(ctx, s.runner, params.Target))
	case methodFsckSnapshot:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			DMDev string `json:"dm_dev"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.fsckSnapshot(ctx, params.DMDev))
	case methodReadExt4File:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			ImagePath string `json:"image_path"`
			GuestPath string `json:"guest_path"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		data, readErr := system.ReadExt4File(ctx, s.runner, params.ImagePath, params.GuestPath)
		return marshalResultOrError(readExt4FileResult{Data: data}, readErr)
	case methodWriteExt4Files:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			ImagePath string      `json:"image_path"`
			Files     []Ext4Write `json:"files"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.writeExt4Files(ctx, params.ImagePath, params.Files))
	case methodResolveFirecrackerBin:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			Requested string `json:"requested"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		path, resolveErr := s.resolveFirecrackerBinary(params.Requested)
		return marshalResultOrError(resolveFirecrackerResult{Path: path}, resolveErr)
	case methodLaunchFirecracker:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[FirecrackerLaunchRequest](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		pid, launchErr := s.launchFirecracker(ctx, params)
		return marshalResultOrError(launchFirecrackerResult{PID: pid}, launchErr)
	case methodEnsureSocketAccess:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			SocketPath string `json:"socket_path"`
			Label      string `json:"label"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, s.ensureSocketAccess(ctx, params.SocketPath, params.Label))
	case methodFindFirecrackerPID:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			APISock string `json:"api_sock"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		pid, findErr := fcproc.New(s.runner, fcproc.Config{}, s.logger).FindPID(ctx, params.APISock)
		return marshalResultOrError(findPIDResult{PID: pid}, findErr)
	case methodKillProcess:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			PID int `json:"pid"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		_, killErr := s.runner.Run(ctx, "kill", "-KILL", strconv.Itoa(params.PID))
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, killErr)
	case methodSignalProcess:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			PID    int    `json:"pid"`
			Signal string `json:"signal"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		signal := strings.TrimSpace(params.Signal)
		if signal == "" {
			signal = "TERM"
		}
		_, signalErr := s.runner.Run(ctx, "kill", "-"+signal, strconv.Itoa(params.PID))
		return marshalResultOrError(struct{}{}, signalErr)
	case methodProcessRunning:
		params, err := rpc.DecodeParams[struct {
			PID     int    `json:"pid"`
			APISock string `json:"api_sock"`
		}](req)
		if err != nil {
			return rpc.NewError("bad_params", err.Error())
		}
		return marshalResultOrError(processRunningResult{Running: system.ProcessRunning(params.PID, params.APISock)}, nil)
	default:
		return rpc.NewError("unknown_method", req.Method)
	}
}

func (s *Server) ensureBridge(ctx context.Context, cfg NetworkConfig) error {
	return fcproc.New(s.runner, fcproc.Config{
		BridgeName: cfg.BridgeName,
		BridgeIP:   cfg.BridgeIP,
		CIDR:       cfg.CIDR,
	}, s.logger).EnsureBridge(ctx)
}

func (s *Server) createTap(ctx context.Context, cfg NetworkConfig, tapName string) error {
	if err := validateTapName(tapName); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return fcproc.New(s.runner, fcproc.Config{
		BridgeName: cfg.BridgeName,
		BridgeIP:   cfg.BridgeIP,
		CIDR:       cfg.CIDR,
	}, s.logger).CreateTapOwned(ctx, tapName, s.meta.OwnerUID, s.meta.OwnerGID)
}

func (s *Server) deleteTap(ctx context.Context, tapName string) error {
	if err := validateTapName(tapName); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err := s.runner.Run(ctx, "ip", "link", "del", tapName)
	return err
}

func (s *Server) syncResolverRouting(ctx context.Context, bridgeName, serverAddr string) error {
	if strings.TrimSpace(bridgeName) == "" || strings.TrimSpace(serverAddr) == "" {
		return nil
	}
	if _, err := system.LookupExecutable("resolvectl"); err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	if _, err := s.runner.Run(ctx, "resolvectl", "dns", bridgeName, serverAddr); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if _, err := s.runner.Run(ctx, "resolvectl", "domain", bridgeName, vmResolverRouteDomain); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err := s.runner.Run(ctx, "resolvectl", "default-route", bridgeName, "no")
	return err
}

func (s *Server) clearResolverRouting(ctx context.Context, bridgeName string) error {
	if strings.TrimSpace(bridgeName) == "" {
		return nil
	}
	if _, err := system.LookupExecutable("resolvectl"); err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	_, err := s.runner.Run(ctx, "resolvectl", "revert", bridgeName)
	return err
}

func (s *Server) fsckSnapshot(ctx context.Context, dmDev string) error {
	if strings.TrimSpace(dmDev) == "" {
		return errors.New("dm device is required")
	}
	if _, err := s.runner.Run(ctx, "e2fsck", "-fy", dmDev); err != nil {
		if code := system.ExitCode(err); code < 0 || code > 1 {
			return fmt.Errorf("fsck snapshot: %w", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Server) writeExt4Files(ctx context.Context, imagePath string, files []Ext4Write) error {
	for _, file := range files {
		mode := os.FileMode(file.Mode)
		if mode == 0 {
			mode = 0o644
		}
		if err := system.WriteExt4FileOwned(ctx, s.runner, imagePath, file.GuestPath, mode, 0, 0, file.Data); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *Server) resolveFirecrackerBinary(requested string) (string, error) {
	requested = strings.TrimSpace(requested)
	if requested == "" {
		requested = defaultFirecrackerBinaryName
	}
	cfg := fcproc.Config{FirecrackerBin: requested}
	resolved, err := fcproc.New(s.runner, cfg, s.logger).ResolveBinary()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	if err := validateRootExecutable(resolved); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return resolved, nil
}

func (s *Server) launchFirecracker(ctx context.Context, req FirecrackerLaunchRequest) (int, error) {
	systemLayout := paths.ResolveSystem()
	for _, path := range []string{req.SocketPath, req.VSockPath} {
		if err := s.validateManagedPath(path, systemLayout.RuntimeDir); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	for _, path := range []string{req.LogPath, req.MetricsPath, req.KernelImagePath} {
		if err := s.validateManagedPath(path, systemLayout.StateDir); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	if strings.TrimSpace(req.InitrdPath) != "" {
		if err := s.validateManagedPath(req.InitrdPath, systemLayout.StateDir); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	if err := validateTapName(req.TapDevice); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	if err := validateRootExecutable(req.BinaryPath); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	for _, drive := range req.Drives {
		if err := s.validateLaunchDrivePath(drive, systemLayout.StateDir); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	machine, err := firecracker.NewMachine(ctx, firecracker.MachineConfig{
		BinaryPath:      req.BinaryPath,
		VMID:            req.VMID,
		SocketPath:      req.SocketPath,
		LogPath:         req.LogPath,
		MetricsPath:     req.MetricsPath,
		KernelImagePath: req.KernelImagePath,
		InitrdPath:      req.InitrdPath,
		KernelArgs:      req.KernelArgs,
		Drives:          req.Drives,
		TapDevice:       req.TapDevice,
		VSockPath:       req.VSockPath,
		VSockCID:        req.VSockCID,
		VCPUCount:       req.VCPUCount,
		MemoryMiB:       req.MemoryMiB,
		Logger:          s.logger,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	if err := machine.Start(ctx); err != nil {
		manager := fcproc.New(s.runner, fcproc.Config{BridgeName: req.Network.BridgeName, BridgeIP: req.Network.BridgeIP, CIDR: req.Network.CIDR}, s.logger)
		if pid := manager.ResolvePID(context.Background(), machine, req.SocketPath); pid > 0 {
			_, _ = s.runner.Run(context.Background(), "kill", "-KILL", strconv.Itoa(pid))
		}
		return 0, err
	}
	manager := fcproc.New(s.runner, fcproc.Config{BridgeName: req.Network.BridgeName, BridgeIP: req.Network.BridgeIP, CIDR: req.Network.CIDR}, s.logger)
	if err := manager.EnsureSocketAccessFor(ctx, req.SocketPath, "firecracker api socket", s.meta.OwnerUID, s.meta.OwnerGID); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	if strings.TrimSpace(req.VSockPath) != "" {
		if err := manager.EnsureSocketAccessFor(ctx, req.VSockPath, "firecracker vsock socket", s.meta.OwnerUID, s.meta.OwnerGID); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}
	pid := manager.ResolvePID(context.Background(), machine, req.SocketPath)
	if pid <= 0 {
		return 0, errors.New("firecracker started but pid could not be resolved")
	}
	return pid, nil
}

func (s *Server) validateLaunchDrivePath(drive firecracker.DriveConfig, stateDir string) error {
	if err := s.validateManagedPath(drive.Path, stateDir); err == nil {
		return nil
	}
	if drive.IsRoot {
		if err := validateDMDevicePath(drive.Path); err == nil {
			return nil
		}
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("path %q is outside banger-managed directories", drive.Path)
}

func (s *Server) ensureSocketAccess(ctx context.Context, socketPath, label string) error {
	return fcproc.New(s.runner, fcproc.Config{}, s.logger).EnsureSocketAccessFor(ctx, socketPath, label, s.meta.OwnerUID, s.meta.OwnerGID)
}

func (s *Server) validateManagedPath(path string, roots ...string) error {
	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
	if path == "" {
		return errors.New("path is required")
	}
	if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
		return fmt.Errorf("path %q must be absolute", path)
	}
	cleaned := filepath.Clean(path)
	for _, root := range roots {
		root = strings.TrimSpace(root)
		if root == "" {
			continue
		}
		root = filepath.Clean(root)
		if cleaned == root || strings.HasPrefix(cleaned, root+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
			return nil
		}
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("path %q is outside banger-managed directories", path)
}

func validateTapName(tapName string) error {
	tapName = strings.TrimSpace(tapName)
	if strings.HasPrefix(tapName, vmTapPrefix) || strings.HasPrefix(tapName, tapPoolPrefix) {
		return nil
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("tap %q is outside banger-managed naming", tapName)
}

func validateDMName(dmName string) error {
	dmName = strings.TrimSpace(dmName)
	if strings.HasPrefix(dmName, rootfsDMNamePrefix) {
		return nil
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("dm target %q is outside banger-managed naming", dmName)
}

func validateDMDevicePath(path string) error {
	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
	if path == "" {
		return errors.New("dm device path is required")
	}
	if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
		return fmt.Errorf("dm device path %q must be absolute", path)
	}
	cleaned := filepath.Clean(path)
	if filepath.Dir(cleaned) != "/dev/mapper" {
		return fmt.Errorf("dm device path %q is outside /dev/mapper", path)
	}
	return validateDMName(filepath.Base(cleaned))
}

func validateRootExecutable(path string) error {
	info, err := os.Stat(path)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
		return fmt.Errorf("firecracker binary %q is not a regular file", path)
	}
	if info.Mode().Perm()&0o111 == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("firecracker binary %q is not executable", path)
	}
	if info.Mode().Perm()&0o022 != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("firecracker binary %q must not be group/world writable", path)
	}
	stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("inspect owner for %q: unsupported file metadata", path)
	}
	if stat.Uid != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("firecracker binary %q must be root-owned in system mode", path)
	}
	return nil
}

func marshalResultOrError(v any, err error) rpc.Response {
	if err != nil {
		return rpc.NewError("operation_failed", err.Error())
	}
	resp, marshalErr := rpc.NewResult(v)
	if marshalErr != nil {
		return rpc.NewError("marshal_failed", marshalErr.Error())
	}
	return resp
}