Add real runtime materialization pipeline and bundle artifacts

2026-03-06 19:26:29 -03:00 · 2026-03-06 19:26:29 -03:00 · c43c718c83
commit c43c718c83
parent cbf212bb7b
32 changed files with 1456 additions and 27 deletions
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ This repository ships `pyro-mcp`, an MCP-compatible package for ephemeral VM lif
 - Use `uv` for all Python environment and command execution.
 - Run `make setup` after cloning.
 - Run `make check` before opening a PR.
+- Use `make runtime-bundle` to regenerate the packaged runtime bundle from `runtime_sources/`.
+- Use `make runtime-materialize` to build real runtime inputs into `build/runtime_sources/`.
+- Use `make runtime-fetch-binaries`, `make runtime-build-kernel-real`, and `make runtime-build-rootfs-real` if you need to debug the real-source pipeline step by step.
 - Use `make demo` to validate deterministic VM lifecycle execution.
 - Use `make ollama-demo` to validate model-triggered lifecycle tool usage.
 - Use `make doctor` to inspect bundled runtime integrity and host prerequisites.
@ -28,6 +31,7 @@ These checks run in pre-commit hooks and should all pass locally.

 - Public factory: `pyro_mcp.create_server()`
 - Runtime diagnostics CLI: `pyro-mcp-doctor`
+- Runtime bundle build CLI: `pyro-mcp-runtime-build`
 - Current bundled runtime is shim-based unless replaced with a real guest-capable bundle; check `make doctor` for runtime capabilities.
 - Lifecycle tools:
  - `vm_list_profiles`
--- a/46
+++ b/46
@ -2,8 +2,13 @@ PYTHON ?= uv run python
 OLLAMA_BASE_URL ?= http://localhost:11434/v1
 OLLAMA_MODEL ?= llama3.2:3b
 OLLAMA_DEMO_FLAGS ?=
+RUNTIME_PLATFORM ?= linux-x86_64
+RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR ?= runtime_sources
+RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR ?= build/runtime_bundle
+RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR ?= src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle
+RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR ?= build/runtime_sources

-.PHONY: setup lint format typecheck test check demo doctor ollama ollama-demo run-server install-hooks
+.PHONY: setup lint format typecheck test check demo doctor ollama ollama-demo run-server install-hooks runtime-bundle runtime-binaries runtime-kernel runtime-rootfs runtime-agent runtime-validate runtime-manifest runtime-sync runtime-clean runtime-fetch-binaries runtime-build-kernel-real runtime-build-rootfs-real runtime-materialize

 setup:
 	uv sync --dev
@ -38,3 +43,42 @@ run-server:

 install-hooks:
 	uv run pre-commit install
+
+runtime-binaries:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build stage-binaries --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-kernel:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build stage-kernel --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-rootfs:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build stage-rootfs --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-agent:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build stage-agent --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-validate:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build validate --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-manifest:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build manifest --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-sync:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build sync --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-bundle:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build bundle --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-fetch-binaries:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build fetch-binaries --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-build-kernel-real:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build build-kernel --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-build-rootfs-real:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build build-rootfs --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-materialize:
+	uv run pyro-mcp-runtime-build materialize --platform "$(RUNTIME_PLATFORM)" --source-dir "$(RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR)" --build-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" --bundle-dir "$(RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR)" --materialized-dir "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
+
+runtime-clean:
+	rm -rf "$(RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR)" "$(RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR)"
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -44,6 +44,37 @@ Host requirements still apply:
 make setup
 ```

+## Build runtime bundle
+
+```bash
+make runtime-bundle
+```
+
+This builds the packaged runtime bundle from `runtime_sources/` and syncs the result into `src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/`.
+For real artifacts, first materialize upstream sources into `build/runtime_sources/`.
+
+Available staged targets:
+- `make runtime-binaries`
+- `make runtime-kernel`
+- `make runtime-rootfs`
+- `make runtime-agent`
+- `make runtime-validate`
+- `make runtime-manifest`
+- `make runtime-sync`
+- `make runtime-clean`
+
+Available real-runtime targets:
+- `make runtime-fetch-binaries`
+- `make runtime-build-kernel-real`
+- `make runtime-build-rootfs-real`
+- `make runtime-materialize`
+
+Current limitation:
+- the pipeline is real, but the checked-in source artifacts in `runtime_sources/` are still shim/placeholder inputs
+- the real-source path depends on `docker`, outbound access to GitHub and Debian snapshot mirrors, and enough disk for kernel/rootfs builds
+- replacing those inputs with real Firecracker binaries, a real kernel, and real rootfs images is what upgrades the packaged bundle from `host_compat` to true guest execution
+- the next artifact-replacement steps are documented in `runtime_sources/README.md`
+
 ## Run deterministic lifecycle demo

 ```bash
--- a/runtime_sources/NOTICE
+++ b/runtime_sources/NOTICE
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pyro-mcp runtime bundle
+
+This package includes bundled runtime components intended for local developer workflows.
+Replace shims with official Firecracker/jailer binaries and production profile artifacts
+for real VM isolation in release builds.
--- a/runtime_sources/README.md
+++ b/runtime_sources/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# runtime_sources
+
+Source-of-truth inputs for `make runtime-bundle`.
+
+Current state:
+- `bin/firecracker` and `bin/jailer` are shim placeholders.
+- profile kernels and rootfs images are placeholder files.
+- `guest/pyro_guest_agent.py` is the guest agent artifact that should ultimately be installed into each real rootfs.
+- real source materialization now writes into `build/runtime_sources/`, not back into the tracked placeholder files.
+
+Materialization workflow:
+1. `make runtime-fetch-binaries`
+2. `make runtime-build-kernel-real`
+3. `make runtime-build-rootfs-real`
+4. `make runtime-bundle`
+
+Build requirements for the real path:
+- `docker`
+- outbound network access to GitHub and Debian snapshot mirrors
+- enough disk for a kernel build plus 2G ext4 images per profile
+
+Next steps to make the bundle guest-capable:
+1. Replace shim binaries with pinned official Firecracker and Jailer release artifacts.
+2. Replace placeholder `vmlinux` and `rootfs.ext4` files with real, bootable artifacts for each profile.
+3. Ensure the guest agent is installed and enabled inside every rootfs so the host can use vsock exec.
+4. Once the source artifacts are real, update `runtime.lock.json` component versions and flip capability flags from `false` to `true`.
+
+Safety rule:
+- The build pipeline should never emit `vm_boot=true`, `guest_exec=true`, or `guest_network=true` while any source artifact is still a shim or placeholder.
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/bin/firecracker
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/bin/firecracker
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+set -eu
+if [ "${1:-}" = "--version" ]; then
+  echo "Firecracker v1.8.0 (bundled shim)"
+  exit 0
+fi
+if [ "${1:-}" = "--help" ]; then
+  echo "bundled firecracker shim"
+  exit 0
+fi
+echo "bundled firecracker shim: unsupported args: $*" >&2
+exit 2
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/bin/jailer
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/bin/jailer
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+set -eu
+if [ "${1:-}" = "--version" ]; then
+  echo "Jailer v1.8.0 (bundled shim)"
+  exit 0
+fi
+echo "bundled jailer shim"
+exit 0
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/guest/pyro_guest_agent.py
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/guest/pyro_guest_agent.py
@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Minimal guest-side exec agent for pyro runtime bundles."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+PORT = 5005
+BUFFER_SIZE = 65536
+
+
+def _read_request(conn: socket.socket) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    chunks: list[bytes] = []
+    while True:
+        data = conn.recv(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        if data == b"":
+            break
+        chunks.append(data)
+        if b"\n" in data:
+            break
+    payload = json.loads(b"".join(chunks).decode("utf-8").strip())
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise RuntimeError("request must be a JSON object")
+    return payload
+
+
+def _run_command(command: str, timeout_seconds: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    started = time.monotonic()
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            ["/bin/sh", "-lc", command],
+            text=True,
+            capture_output=True,
+            timeout=timeout_seconds,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        return {
+            "stdout": proc.stdout,
+            "stderr": proc.stderr,
+            "exit_code": proc.returncode,
+            "duration_ms": int((time.monotonic() - started) * 1000),
+        }
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        return {
+            "stdout": "",
+            "stderr": f"command timed out after {timeout_seconds}s",
+            "exit_code": 124,
+            "duration_ms": int((time.monotonic() - started) * 1000),
+        }
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    family = getattr(socket, "AF_VSOCK", None)
+    if family is None:
+        raise SystemExit("AF_VSOCK is unavailable")
+    with socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as server:
+        server.bind((socket.VMADDR_CID_ANY, PORT))
+        server.listen(1)
+        while True:
+            conn, _ = server.accept()
+            with conn:
+                request = _read_request(conn)
+                command = str(request.get("command", ""))
+                timeout_seconds = int(request.get("timeout_seconds", 30))
+                response = _run_command(command, timeout_seconds)
+                conn.sendall((json.dumps(response) + "\n").encode("utf-8"))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/packages/debian-base.txt
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/packages/debian-base.txt
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+bash
+ca-certificates
+coreutils
+curl
+dnsutils
+iproute2
+iputils-ping
+netbase
+procps
+python3-minimal
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/packages/debian-build.txt
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/packages/debian-build.txt
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+bash
+build-essential
+ca-certificates
+cmake
+coreutils
+curl
+dnsutils
+git
+iproute2
+iputils-ping
+netbase
+pkg-config
+procps
+python3
+python3-pip
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/packages/debian-git.txt
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/packages/debian-git.txt
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+bash
+ca-certificates
+coreutils
+curl
+dnsutils
+git
+iproute2
+iputils-ping
+netbase
+procps
+python3-minimal
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-base/rootfs.ext4
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-base/rootfs.ext4
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+placeholder-rootfs-debian-base
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-base/vmlinux
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-base/vmlinux
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+placeholder-kernel-debian-base
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-build/rootfs.ext4
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-build/rootfs.ext4
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+placeholder-rootfs-debian-build
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-build/vmlinux
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-build/vmlinux
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+placeholder-kernel-debian-build
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-git/rootfs.ext4
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-git/rootfs.ext4
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+placeholder-rootfs-debian-git
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-git/vmlinux
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-git/vmlinux
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+placeholder-kernel-debian-git
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/runtime.lock.json
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/runtime.lock.json
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+{
+  "bundle_version": "0.1.0",
+  "platform": "linux-x86_64",
+  "component_versions": {
+    "firecracker": "1.12.1",
+    "jailer": "1.12.1",
+    "kernel": "5.10.210",
+    "guest_agent": "0.1.0-dev",
+    "base_distro": "debian-bookworm-20250210"
+  },
+  "capabilities": {
+    "vm_boot": false,
+    "guest_exec": false,
+    "guest_network": false
+  },
+  "binaries": {
+    "firecracker": "bin/firecracker",
+    "jailer": "bin/jailer"
+  },
+  "guest": {
+    "agent": {
+      "path": "guest/pyro_guest_agent.py"
+    }
+  },
+  "profiles": {
+    "debian-base": {
+      "description": "Minimal Debian userspace for shell and core Unix tooling.",
+      "kernel": "profiles/debian-base/vmlinux",
+      "rootfs": "profiles/debian-base/rootfs.ext4"
+    },
+    "debian-git": {
+      "description": "Debian base environment with Git preinstalled.",
+      "kernel": "profiles/debian-git/vmlinux",
+      "rootfs": "profiles/debian-git/rootfs.ext4"
+    },
+    "debian-build": {
+      "description": "Debian Git environment with common build tools for source builds.",
+      "kernel": "profiles/debian-build/vmlinux",
+      "rootfs": "profiles/debian-build/rootfs.ext4"
+    }
+  },
+  "upstream": {
+    "firecracker_release": {
+      "version": "v1.12.1",
+      "archive_url": "https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/releases/download/v1.12.1/firecracker-v1.12.1-x86_64.tgz",
+      "archive_sha256": "0a75e67ef6e4c540a2cf248b06822b0be9820cbba9fe19f9e0321200fe76ff6b",
+      "firecracker_member": "release-v1.12.1-x86_64/firecracker-v1.12.1-x86_64",
+      "jailer_member": "release-v1.12.1-x86_64/jailer-v1.12.1-x86_64"
+    },
+    "kernel_build": {
+      "script": "scripts/build_microvm_kernel.sh",
+      "builder_image": "debian:12-slim",
+      "linux_version": "5.10.210",
+      "source_url": "https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.10.210.tar.xz",
+      "config_url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker/v1.12.1/resources/guest_configs/microvm-kernel-ci-x86_64-5.10.config"
+    },
+    "rootfs_build": {
+      "script": "scripts/build_debian_rootfs.sh",
+      "builder_image": "debian:12-slim",
+      "debian_release": "bookworm",
+      "debian_snapshot": "20250210T000000Z",
+      "guest_init": "scripts/pyro-init",
+      "agent_service": "scripts/pyro-guest-agent.service",
+      "package_files": {
+        "debian-base": "packages/debian-base.txt",
+        "debian-git": "packages/debian-git.txt",
+        "debian-build": "packages/debian-build.txt"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/build_debian_rootfs.sh
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/build_debian_rootfs.sh
@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+builder_image=""
+debian_release=""
+debian_snapshot=""
+packages_file=""
+guest_agent=""
+guest_init=""
+agent_service=""
+workdir=""
+output=""
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --builder-image) builder_image="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --debian-release) debian_release="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --debian-snapshot) debian_snapshot="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --packages-file) packages_file="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --guest-agent) guest_agent="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --guest-init) guest_init="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --agent-service) agent_service="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --workdir) workdir="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --output) output="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    *) echo "unknown arg: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+: "${builder_image:?missing --builder-image}"
+: "${debian_release:?missing --debian-release}"
+: "${debian_snapshot:?missing --debian-snapshot}"
+: "${packages_file:?missing --packages-file}"
+: "${guest_agent:?missing --guest-agent}"
+: "${guest_init:?missing --guest-init}"
+: "${agent_service:?missing --agent-service}"
+: "${workdir:?missing --workdir}"
+: "${output:?missing --output}"
+
+rm -rf "$workdir"
+mkdir -p "$workdir/in" "$workdir/out" "$(dirname "$output")"
+workdir="$(cd "$workdir" && pwd)"
+output_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$output")" && pwd)"
+output="$output_dir/$(basename "$output")"
+cp "$packages_file" "$workdir/in/packages.txt"
+cp "$guest_agent" "$workdir/in/pyro_guest_agent.py"
+cp "$guest_init" "$workdir/in/pyro-init"
+cp "$agent_service" "$workdir/in/pyro-guest-agent.service"
+
+container_script="$workdir/build-rootfs-container.sh"
+cat > "$container_script" <<'SCRIPT'
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+apt-get update
+apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates debootstrap e2fsprogs systemd-container
+
+mirror="http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/${DEBIAN_SNAPSHOT}/"
+packages_csv="$(paste -sd, /work/in/packages.txt)"
+rootfs_dir="/work/rootfs"
+rm -rf "$rootfs_dir"
+mkdir -p "$rootfs_dir"
+
+debootstrap \
+  --arch=amd64 \
+  --variant=minbase \
+  --include="$packages_csv" \
+  --no-check-gpg \
+  "$DEBIAN_RELEASE" \
+  "$rootfs_dir" \
+  "$mirror"
+
+cat > "$rootfs_dir/etc/apt/sources.list" <<APT
+ deb [check-valid-until=no] http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/${DEBIAN_SNAPSHOT}/ ${DEBIAN_RELEASE} main
+ deb [check-valid-until=no] http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian-security/${DEBIAN_SNAPSHOT}/ ${DEBIAN_RELEASE}-security main
+APT
+
+mkdir -p "$rootfs_dir/opt/pyro/bin" "$rootfs_dir/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants"
+install -m 0755 /work/in/pyro_guest_agent.py "$rootfs_dir/opt/pyro/bin/pyro_guest_agent.py"
+install -m 0755 /work/in/pyro-init "$rootfs_dir/opt/pyro/bin/pyro-init"
+install -m 0644 /work/in/pyro-guest-agent.service "$rootfs_dir/etc/systemd/system/pyro-guest-agent.service"
+ln -sf /etc/systemd/system/pyro-guest-agent.service \
+  "$rootfs_dir/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/pyro-guest-agent.service"
+ln -sf /opt/pyro/bin/pyro-init "$rootfs_dir/sbin/init"
+printf '127.0.0.1 localhost\n' > "$rootfs_dir/etc/hosts"
+truncate -s 2G /work/out/rootfs.ext4
+mkfs.ext4 -F -d "$rootfs_dir" /work/out/rootfs.ext4 >/dev/null
+SCRIPT
+chmod +x "$container_script"
+
+docker run --rm \
+  -e DEBIAN_RELEASE="$debian_release" \
+  -e DEBIAN_SNAPSHOT="$debian_snapshot" \
+  -v "$workdir:/work" \
+  "$builder_image" \
+  /work/build-rootfs-container.sh
+
+cp "$workdir/out/rootfs.ext4" "$output"
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/build_microvm_kernel.sh
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/build_microvm_kernel.sh
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+builder_image=""
+linux_version=""
+source_url=""
+config_url=""
+workdir=""
+output=""
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --builder-image) builder_image="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --linux-version) linux_version="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --source-url) source_url="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --config-url) config_url="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --workdir) workdir="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --output) output="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    *) echo "unknown arg: $1" >&2; exit 1 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+: "${builder_image:?missing --builder-image}"
+: "${linux_version:?missing --linux-version}"
+: "${source_url:?missing --source-url}"
+: "${config_url:?missing --config-url}"
+: "${workdir:?missing --workdir}"
+: "${output:?missing --output}"
+
+mkdir -p "$workdir" "$(dirname "$output")"
+workdir="$(cd "$workdir" && pwd)"
+output_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$output")" && pwd)"
+output="$output_dir/$(basename "$output")"
+container_script="$workdir/build-kernel-container.sh"
+cat > "$container_script" <<'SCRIPT'
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+apt-get update
+apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+  bc bison build-essential ca-certificates curl flex libelf-dev libssl-dev pahole python3 rsync xz-utils
+cd /work
+curl -fsSL "$KERNEL_SOURCE_URL" -o linux.tar.xz
+curl -fsSL "$KERNEL_CONFIG_URL" -o kernel.config
+rm -rf linux-src out
+mkdir -p linux-src out
+tar -xf linux.tar.xz -C linux-src --strip-components=1
+cd linux-src
+cp /work/kernel.config .config
+make olddefconfig
+make -j"$(nproc)" vmlinux
+cp vmlinux /work/out/vmlinux
+SCRIPT
+chmod +x "$container_script"
+mkdir -p "$workdir/out"
+
+docker run --rm \
+  -e KERNEL_SOURCE_URL="$source_url" \
+  -e KERNEL_CONFIG_URL="$config_url" \
+  -v "$workdir:/work" \
+  "$builder_image" \
+  /work/build-kernel-container.sh
+
+cp "$workdir/out/vmlinux" "$output"
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/pyro-guest-agent.service
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/pyro-guest-agent.service
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Pyro guest exec agent
+After=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /opt/pyro/bin/pyro_guest_agent.py
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=1
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
--- a/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/pyro-init
+++ b/runtime_sources/linux-x86_64/scripts/pyro-init
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+
+PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
+AGENT=/opt/pyro/bin/pyro_guest_agent.py
+
+mount -t proc proc /proc || true
+mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys || true
+mount -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev || true
+mkdir -p /run /tmp
+hostname pyro-vm || true
+
+cmdline="$(cat /proc/cmdline 2>/dev/null || true)"
+
+get_arg() {
+    key="$1"
+    for token in $cmdline; do
+        case "$token" in
+            "$key"=*)
+                printf '%s' "${token#*=}"
+                return 0
+                ;;
+        esac
+    done
+    return 1
+}
+
+ip link set lo up || true
+if ip link show eth0 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    ip link set eth0 up || true
+    guest_ip="$(get_arg pyro.guest_ip || true)"
+    gateway_ip="$(get_arg pyro.gateway_ip || true)"
+    netmask="$(get_arg pyro.netmask || true)"
+    dns_csv="$(get_arg pyro.dns || true)"
+    if [ -n "$guest_ip" ] && [ -n "$netmask" ]; then
+        ip addr add "$guest_ip/$netmask" dev eth0 || true
+    fi
+    if [ -n "$gateway_ip" ]; then
+        ip route add default via "$gateway_ip" dev eth0 || true
+    fi
+    if [ -n "$dns_csv" ]; then
+        : > /etc/resolv.conf
+        old_ifs="$IFS"
+        IFS=,
+        for dns in $dns_csv; do
+            printf 'nameserver %s\n' "$dns" >> /etc/resolv.conf
+        done
+        IFS="$old_ifs"
+    fi
+fi
+
+if [ -f "$AGENT" ]; then
+    python3 "$AGENT" &
+fi
+
+exec /bin/sh -lc 'trap : TERM INT; while true; do sleep 3600; done'
--- a/src/pyro_mcp/runtime.py
+++ b/src/pyro_mcp/runtime.py
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ class RuntimePaths:
    manifest_path: Path
    firecracker_bin: Path
    jailer_bin: Path
+    guest_agent_path: Path | None
    artifacts_dir: Path
    notice_path: Path
    manifest: dict[str, Any]
@ -91,9 +92,21 @@ def resolve_runtime_paths(

    firecracker_bin = bundle_root / str(firecracker_entry.get("path", ""))
    jailer_bin = bundle_root / str(jailer_entry.get("path", ""))
+    guest_agent_path: Path | None = None
+    guest = manifest.get("guest")
+    if isinstance(guest, dict):
+        agent_entry = guest.get("agent")
+        if isinstance(agent_entry, dict):
+            raw_agent_path = agent_entry.get("path")
+            if isinstance(raw_agent_path, str):
+                guest_agent_path = bundle_root / raw_agent_path
    artifacts_dir = bundle_root / "profiles"

-    for path in (firecracker_bin, jailer_bin, artifacts_dir):
+    required_paths = [firecracker_bin, jailer_bin, artifacts_dir]
+    if guest_agent_path is not None:
+        required_paths.append(guest_agent_path)
+
+    for path in required_paths:
        if not path.exists():
            raise RuntimeError(f"runtime asset missing: {path}")

@ -112,6 +125,20 @@ def resolve_runtime_paths(
                raise RuntimeError(
                    f"runtime checksum mismatch for {full_path}; expected {raw_hash}, got {actual}"
                )
+        if isinstance(guest, dict):
+            agent_entry = guest.get("agent")
+            if isinstance(agent_entry, dict):
+                raw_path = agent_entry.get("path")
+                raw_hash = agent_entry.get("sha256")
+                if not isinstance(raw_path, str) or not isinstance(raw_hash, str):
+                    raise RuntimeError("runtime guest agent manifest entry is malformed")
+                full_path = bundle_root / raw_path
+                actual = _sha256(full_path)
+                if actual != raw_hash:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"runtime checksum mismatch for {full_path}; "
+                        f"expected {raw_hash}, got {actual}"
+                    )
        profiles = manifest.get("profiles")
        if not isinstance(profiles, dict):
            raise RuntimeError("runtime manifest is missing `profiles`")
@ -141,6 +168,7 @@ def resolve_runtime_paths(
        manifest_path=manifest_path,
        firecracker_bin=firecracker_bin,
        jailer_bin=jailer_bin,
+        guest_agent_path=guest_agent_path,
        artifacts_dir=artifacts_dir,
        notice_path=notice_path,
        manifest=manifest,
@ -222,9 +250,11 @@ def doctor_report(*, platform: str = DEFAULT_PLATFORM) -> dict[str, Any]:
        "manifest_path": str(paths.manifest_path),
        "firecracker_bin": str(paths.firecracker_bin),
        "jailer_bin": str(paths.jailer_bin),
+        "guest_agent_path": str(paths.guest_agent_path) if paths.guest_agent_path else None,
        "artifacts_dir": str(paths.artifacts_dir),
        "notice_path": str(paths.notice_path),
        "bundle_version": paths.manifest.get("bundle_version"),
+        "component_versions": paths.manifest.get("component_versions", {}),
        "profiles": profile_names,
        "capabilities": {
            "supports_vm_boot": capabilities.supports_vm_boot,
--- a/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_build.py
+++ b/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_build.py
@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+"""Local build pipeline for packaged Firecracker runtime bundles."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import json
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import tarfile
+import urllib.request
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from pyro_mcp.runtime import DEFAULT_PLATFORM
+
+DEFAULT_RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR = Path("runtime_sources")
+DEFAULT_RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR = Path("build/runtime_bundle")
+DEFAULT_RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR = Path("src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle")
+DEFAULT_RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR = Path("build/runtime_sources")
+DOWNLOAD_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 1024
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RuntimeBuildLock:
+    bundle_version: str
+    platform: str
+    component_versions: dict[str, str]
+    capabilities: dict[str, bool]
+    binaries: dict[str, str]
+    guest: dict[str, dict[str, str]]
+    profiles: dict[str, dict[str, str]]
+    upstream: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RuntimeBuildPaths:
+    source_root: Path
+    source_platform_root: Path
+    build_root: Path
+    build_platform_root: Path
+    bundle_dir: Path
+    materialized_root: Path
+    materialized_platform_root: Path
+    platform: str
+
+
+def _sha256(path: Path) -> str:
+    digest = hashlib.sha256()
+    with path.open("rb") as fp:
+        for block in iter(lambda: fp.read(DOWNLOAD_CHUNK_SIZE), b""):
+            digest.update(block)
+    return digest.hexdigest()
+
+
+def _cache_filename(url: str) -> str:
+    digest = hashlib.sha256(url.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()[:12]
+    return f"{digest}-{Path(url).name}"
+
+
+def _load_lock(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths) -> RuntimeBuildLock:
+    lock_path = paths.source_platform_root / "runtime.lock.json"
+    payload = json.loads(lock_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise RuntimeError(f"invalid runtime lock file: {lock_path}")
+    return RuntimeBuildLock(
+        bundle_version=str(payload["bundle_version"]),
+        platform=str(payload["platform"]),
+        component_versions={
+            str(key): str(value) for key, value in dict(payload["component_versions"]).items()
+        },
+        capabilities={
+            str(key): bool(value) for key, value in dict(payload["capabilities"]).items()
+        },
+        binaries={str(key): str(value) for key, value in dict(payload["binaries"]).items()},
+        guest={
+            str(key): {str(k): str(v) for k, v in dict(value).items()}
+            for key, value in dict(payload["guest"]).items()
+        },
+        profiles={
+            str(key): {str(k): str(v) for k, v in dict(value).items()}
+            for key, value in dict(payload["profiles"]).items()
+        },
+        upstream={str(key): value for key, value in dict(payload.get("upstream", {})).items()},
+    )
+
+
+def _copy_file(source: Path, dest: Path) -> None:
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    shutil.copy2(source, dest)
+
+
+def _copy_notice(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths) -> None:
+    _copy_file(paths.source_root / "NOTICE", paths.build_root / "NOTICE")
+
+
+def _resolved_source_path(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, relative_path: str) -> Path:
+    materialized = paths.materialized_platform_root / relative_path
+    if materialized.exists():
+        return materialized
+    return paths.source_platform_root / relative_path
+
+
+def _download(url: str, dest: Path) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - integration helper
+    dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as response, dest.open("wb") as fp:  # noqa: S310
+        while True:
+            chunk = response.read(DOWNLOAD_CHUNK_SIZE)
+            if chunk == b"":
+                break
+            fp.write(chunk)
+
+
+def _run(command: list[str]) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - integration helper
+    completed = subprocess.run(command, text=True, capture_output=True, check=False)
+    if completed.returncode != 0:
+        stderr = completed.stderr.strip() or completed.stdout.strip()
+        raise RuntimeError(f"command {' '.join(command)!r} failed: {stderr}")
+
+
+def validate_sources(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock) -> None:
+    firecracker_source = _resolved_source_path(paths, lock.binaries["firecracker"])
+    jailer_source = _resolved_source_path(paths, lock.binaries["jailer"])
+    firecracker_text = firecracker_source.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore")
+    jailer_text = jailer_source.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore")
+    has_shim_binaries = (
+        "bundled firecracker shim" in firecracker_text or "bundled jailer shim" in jailer_text
+    )
+
+    has_placeholder_profiles = False
+    for profile in lock.profiles.values():
+        for kind in ("kernel", "rootfs"):
+            source = _resolved_source_path(paths, profile[kind])
+            text = source.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore")
+            if "placeholder-" in text:
+                has_placeholder_profiles = True
+                break
+        if has_placeholder_profiles:
+            break
+
+    if any(lock.capabilities.values()) and (has_shim_binaries or has_placeholder_profiles):
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "runtime lock advertises guest-capable features while source artifacts are still "
+            "shim/placeholder inputs"
+        )
+
+
+def materialize_binaries(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock) -> None:
+    release = lock.upstream.get("firecracker_release")
+    if not isinstance(release, dict):
+        raise RuntimeError("runtime lock is missing upstream.firecracker_release configuration")
+    archive_url = release.get("archive_url")
+    archive_sha256 = release.get("archive_sha256")
+    firecracker_member = release.get("firecracker_member")
+    jailer_member = release.get("jailer_member")
+    if not all(
+        isinstance(value, str)
+        for value in (
+            archive_url,
+            archive_sha256,
+            firecracker_member,
+            jailer_member,
+        )
+    ):
+        raise RuntimeError("upstream.firecracker_release is incomplete")
+    archive_url = str(archive_url)
+    archive_sha256 = str(archive_sha256)
+    firecracker_member = str(firecracker_member)
+    jailer_member = str(jailer_member)
+
+    cache_dir = paths.materialized_root / "_downloads"
+    archive_path = cache_dir / _cache_filename(archive_url)
+    if not archive_path.exists():
+        _download(archive_url, archive_path)
+    actual_archive_sha256 = _sha256(archive_path)
+    if actual_archive_sha256 != archive_sha256:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "firecracker release archive checksum mismatch: expected "
+            f"{archive_sha256}, got {actual_archive_sha256}"
+        )
+
+    targets = {
+        firecracker_member: paths.materialized_platform_root / lock.binaries["firecracker"],
+        jailer_member: paths.materialized_platform_root / lock.binaries["jailer"],
+    }
+    with tarfile.open(archive_path, "r:gz") as archive:
+        members = {member.name: member for member in archive.getmembers()}
+        for member_name, dest in targets.items():
+            member = members.get(member_name)
+            if member is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"release archive is missing {member_name}")
+            extracted = archive.extractfile(member)
+            if extracted is None:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"unable to extract {member_name}")
+            dest.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            dest.write_bytes(extracted.read())
+            dest.chmod(dest.stat().st_mode | 0o111)
+
+
+def materialize_kernel(
+    paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - integration helper
+    kernel_build = lock.upstream.get("kernel_build")
+    if not isinstance(kernel_build, dict):
+        raise RuntimeError("runtime lock is missing upstream.kernel_build configuration")
+    script = kernel_build.get("script")
+    linux_version = kernel_build.get("linux_version")
+    source_url = kernel_build.get("source_url")
+    config_url = kernel_build.get("config_url")
+    builder_image = kernel_build.get("builder_image")
+    if not all(
+        isinstance(value, str)
+        for value in (
+            script,
+            linux_version,
+            source_url,
+            config_url,
+            builder_image,
+        )
+    ):
+        raise RuntimeError("upstream.kernel_build is incomplete")
+    script = str(script)
+    linux_version = str(linux_version)
+    source_url = str(source_url)
+    config_url = str(config_url)
+    builder_image = str(builder_image)
+
+    script_path = paths.source_platform_root / script
+    if not script_path.exists():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"kernel build script not found: {script_path}")
+
+    shared_output = paths.materialized_platform_root / "profiles/_shared/vmlinux"
+    shared_output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    workdir = paths.materialized_root / "_kernel_work"
+    workdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    _run(
+        [
+            str(script_path),
+            "--builder-image",
+            builder_image,
+            "--linux-version",
+            linux_version,
+            "--source-url",
+            source_url,
+            "--config-url",
+            config_url,
+            "--workdir",
+            str(workdir),
+            "--output",
+            str(shared_output),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    for profile in lock.profiles.values():
+        dest = paths.materialized_platform_root / profile["kernel"]
+        _copy_file(shared_output, dest)
+
+
+def materialize_rootfs(
+    paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock
+) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - integration helper
+    rootfs_build = lock.upstream.get("rootfs_build")
+    if not isinstance(rootfs_build, dict):
+        raise RuntimeError("runtime lock is missing upstream.rootfs_build configuration")
+    script = rootfs_build.get("script")
+    builder_image = rootfs_build.get("builder_image")
+    debian_release = rootfs_build.get("debian_release")
+    debian_snapshot = rootfs_build.get("debian_snapshot")
+    package_files = rootfs_build.get("package_files")
+    guest_init = rootfs_build.get("guest_init")
+    agent_service = rootfs_build.get("agent_service")
+    if not isinstance(package_files, dict):
+        raise RuntimeError("upstream.rootfs_build.package_files must be a mapping")
+    if not all(
+        isinstance(value, str)
+        for value in (
+            script,
+            builder_image,
+            debian_release,
+            debian_snapshot,
+            guest_init,
+            agent_service,
+        )
+    ):
+        raise RuntimeError("upstream.rootfs_build is incomplete")
+    script = str(script)
+    builder_image = str(builder_image)
+    debian_release = str(debian_release)
+    debian_snapshot = str(debian_snapshot)
+    guest_init = str(guest_init)
+    agent_service = str(agent_service)
+
+    script_path = paths.source_platform_root / script
+    guest_agent_path = paths.source_platform_root / lock.guest["agent"]["path"]
+    guest_init_path = paths.source_platform_root / guest_init
+    service_path = paths.source_platform_root / agent_service
+    if not script_path.exists():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"rootfs build script not found: {script_path}")
+
+    workdir = paths.materialized_root / "_rootfs_work"
+    workdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    for profile_name, profile in lock.profiles.items():
+        raw_packages_path = package_files.get(profile_name)
+        if not isinstance(raw_packages_path, str):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"missing package file for profile {profile_name!r}")
+        packages_path = paths.source_platform_root / raw_packages_path
+        output_path = paths.materialized_platform_root / profile["rootfs"]
+        output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        _run(
+            [
+                str(script_path),
+                "--builder-image",
+                builder_image,
+                "--debian-release",
+                debian_release,
+                "--debian-snapshot",
+                debian_snapshot,
+                "--packages-file",
+                str(packages_path),
+                "--guest-agent",
+                str(guest_agent_path),
+                "--guest-init",
+                str(guest_init_path),
+                "--agent-service",
+                str(service_path),
+                "--workdir",
+                str(workdir / profile_name),
+                "--output",
+                str(output_path),
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+def stage_binaries(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock) -> None:
+    for name, relative_path in lock.binaries.items():
+        del name
+        source = _resolved_source_path(paths, relative_path)
+        dest = paths.build_platform_root / relative_path
+        _copy_file(source, dest)
+        dest.chmod(dest.stat().st_mode | 0o111)
+
+
+def stage_kernel(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock) -> None:
+    for profile in lock.profiles.values():
+        source = _resolved_source_path(paths, profile["kernel"])
+        dest = paths.build_platform_root / profile["kernel"]
+        _copy_file(source, dest)
+
+
+def stage_rootfs(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock) -> None:
+    for profile in lock.profiles.values():
+        source = _resolved_source_path(paths, profile["rootfs"])
+        dest = paths.build_platform_root / profile["rootfs"]
+        _copy_file(source, dest)
+
+
+def stage_agent(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock) -> None:
+    for artifact in lock.guest.values():
+        source = _resolved_source_path(paths, artifact["path"])
+        dest = paths.build_platform_root / artifact["path"]
+        _copy_file(source, dest)
+        dest.chmod(dest.stat().st_mode | 0o111)
+
+
+def generate_manifest(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, lock: RuntimeBuildLock) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    manifest: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "bundle_version": lock.bundle_version,
+        "platform": lock.platform,
+        "component_versions": lock.component_versions,
+        "capabilities": lock.capabilities,
+        "binaries": {},
+        "guest": {},
+        "profiles": {},
+    }
+    for name, relative_path in lock.binaries.items():
+        full_path = paths.build_platform_root / relative_path
+        manifest["binaries"][name] = {"path": relative_path, "sha256": _sha256(full_path)}
+    for name, artifact in lock.guest.items():
+        full_path = paths.build_platform_root / artifact["path"]
+        manifest["guest"][name] = {
+            "path": artifact["path"],
+            "sha256": _sha256(full_path),
+        }
+    for name, profile in lock.profiles.items():
+        kernel_path = paths.build_platform_root / profile["kernel"]
+        rootfs_path = paths.build_platform_root / profile["rootfs"]
+        manifest["profiles"][name] = {
+            "description": profile["description"],
+            "kernel": {"path": profile["kernel"], "sha256": _sha256(kernel_path)},
+            "rootfs": {"path": profile["rootfs"], "sha256": _sha256(rootfs_path)},
+        }
+    manifest_path = paths.build_platform_root / "manifest.json"
+    manifest_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(manifest, indent=2, sort_keys=True) + "\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+    return manifest
+
+
+def sync_bundle(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths) -> None:
+    bundle_platform_dir = paths.bundle_dir / paths.platform
+    bundle_notice_path = paths.bundle_dir / "NOTICE"
+    if bundle_platform_dir.exists():
+        shutil.rmtree(bundle_platform_dir)
+    bundle_platform_dir.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    shutil.copytree(paths.build_platform_root, bundle_platform_dir)
+    _copy_file(paths.build_root / "NOTICE", bundle_notice_path)
+
+
+def build_bundle(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths, *, sync: bool) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    lock = _load_lock(paths)
+    if lock.platform != paths.platform:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "runtime lock platform "
+            f"{lock.platform!r} does not match requested platform {paths.platform!r}"
+        )
+    validate_sources(paths, lock)
+    if paths.build_root.exists():
+        shutil.rmtree(paths.build_root)
+    paths.build_platform_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    _copy_notice(paths)
+    stage_binaries(paths, lock)
+    stage_kernel(paths, lock)
+    stage_rootfs(paths, lock)
+    stage_agent(paths, lock)
+    manifest = generate_manifest(paths, lock)
+    if sync:
+        sync_bundle(paths)
+    return manifest
+
+
+def materialize_sources(paths: RuntimeBuildPaths) -> None:
+    lock = _load_lock(paths)
+    materialize_binaries(paths, lock)
+    materialize_kernel(paths, lock)
+    materialize_rootfs(paths, lock)
+
+
+def _build_paths(
+    *,
+    source_dir: Path,
+    build_dir: Path,
+    bundle_dir: Path,
+    platform: str,
+    materialized_dir: Path = DEFAULT_RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR,
+) -> RuntimeBuildPaths:
+    return RuntimeBuildPaths(
+        source_root=source_dir,
+        source_platform_root=source_dir / platform,
+        build_root=build_dir,
+        build_platform_root=build_dir / platform,
+        bundle_dir=bundle_dir,
+        materialized_root=materialized_dir,
+        materialized_platform_root=materialized_dir / platform,
+        platform=platform,
+    )
+
+
+def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:  # pragma: no cover - CLI wiring
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Build packaged runtime bundles for pyro-mcp.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "command",
+        choices=[
+            "fetch-binaries",
+            "build-kernel",
+            "build-rootfs",
+            "materialize",
+            "stage-binaries",
+            "stage-kernel",
+            "stage-rootfs",
+            "stage-agent",
+            "validate",
+            "manifest",
+            "sync",
+            "bundle",
+        ],
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--platform", default=DEFAULT_PLATFORM)
+    parser.add_argument("--source-dir", default=str(DEFAULT_RUNTIME_SOURCE_DIR))
+    parser.add_argument("--build-dir", default=str(DEFAULT_RUNTIME_BUILD_DIR))
+    parser.add_argument("--bundle-dir", default=str(DEFAULT_RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR))
+    parser.add_argument("--materialized-dir", default=str(DEFAULT_RUNTIME_MATERIALIZED_DIR))
+    return parser
+
+
+def main() -> None:  # pragma: no cover - CLI wiring
+    args = _build_parser().parse_args()
+    paths = _build_paths(
+        source_dir=Path(args.source_dir),
+        build_dir=Path(args.build_dir),
+        bundle_dir=Path(args.bundle_dir),
+        materialized_dir=Path(args.materialized_dir),
+        platform=args.platform,
+    )
+    lock = _load_lock(paths)
+    if args.command == "fetch-binaries":
+        materialize_binaries(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "build-kernel":
+        materialize_kernel(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "build-rootfs":
+        materialize_rootfs(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "materialize":
+        materialize_sources(paths)
+        return
+    if args.command == "bundle":
+        build_bundle(paths, sync=True)
+        return
+    if args.command == "stage-binaries":
+        paths.build_platform_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        _copy_notice(paths)
+        stage_binaries(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "stage-kernel":
+        paths.build_platform_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        stage_kernel(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "stage-rootfs":
+        paths.build_platform_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        stage_rootfs(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "stage-agent":
+        paths.build_platform_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        stage_agent(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "validate":
+        validate_sources(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "manifest":
+        generate_manifest(paths, lock)
+        return
+    if args.command == "sync":
+        sync_bundle(paths)
+        return
+    raise RuntimeError(f"unknown command: {args.command}")
--- a/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/bin/firecracker
+++ b/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/bin/firecracker
--- a/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/bin/jailer
+++ b/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/bin/jailer
--- a/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/guest/pyro_guest_agent.py
+++ b/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/guest/pyro_guest_agent.py
@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Minimal guest-side exec agent for pyro runtime bundles."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import time
+from typing import Any
+
+PORT = 5005
+BUFFER_SIZE = 65536
+
+
+def _read_request(conn: socket.socket) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    chunks: list[bytes] = []
+    while True:
+        data = conn.recv(BUFFER_SIZE)
+        if data == b"":
+            break
+        chunks.append(data)
+        if b"\n" in data:
+            break
+    payload = json.loads(b"".join(chunks).decode("utf-8").strip())
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise RuntimeError("request must be a JSON object")
+    return payload
+
+
+def _run_command(command: str, timeout_seconds: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    started = time.monotonic()
+    try:
+        proc = subprocess.run(
+            ["/bin/sh", "-lc", command],
+            text=True,
+            capture_output=True,
+            timeout=timeout_seconds,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        return {
+            "stdout": proc.stdout,
+            "stderr": proc.stderr,
+            "exit_code": proc.returncode,
+            "duration_ms": int((time.monotonic() - started) * 1000),
+        }
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        return {
+            "stdout": "",
+            "stderr": f"command timed out after {timeout_seconds}s",
+            "exit_code": 124,
+            "duration_ms": int((time.monotonic() - started) * 1000),
+        }
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    family = getattr(socket, "AF_VSOCK", None)
+    if family is None:
+        raise SystemExit("AF_VSOCK is unavailable")
+    with socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as server:
+        server.bind((socket.VMADDR_CID_ANY, PORT))
+        server.listen(1)
+        while True:
+            conn, _ = server.accept()
+            with conn:
+                request = _read_request(conn)
+                command = str(request.get("command", ""))
+                timeout_seconds = int(request.get("timeout_seconds", 30))
+                response = _run_command(command, timeout_seconds)
+                conn.sendall((json.dumps(response) + "\n").encode("utf-8"))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
--- a/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/manifest.json
+++ b/src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/linux-x86_64/manifest.json
@ -1,48 +1,66 @@
 {
-  "bundle_version": "0.1.0",
-  "platform": "linux-x86_64",
  "binaries": {
    "firecracker": {
      "path": "bin/firecracker",
-      "sha256": "2ff2d53551abcbf7ddebd921077214bff31910d4dfd894cc6fe66511d9f188e7"
+      "sha256": "b99ea49b8d8b7bfa307d3845585d6a97f7642aa17a985749900370070d8ca930"
    },
    "jailer": {
      "path": "bin/jailer",
-      "sha256": "d79e972b3ede34b1c3eb9d54c9f1853a62a8525f78c39c8dab4d5d79a6783fe9"
+      "sha256": "86622337f91df329cca72bb21cd1324fb8b6fa47931601d65ee4b2c72ef2cae5"
    }
  },
+  "bundle_version": "0.1.0",
+  "capabilities": {
+    "guest_exec": false,
+    "guest_network": false,
+    "vm_boot": false
+  },
+  "component_versions": {
+    "base_distro": "debian-bookworm-20250210",
+    "firecracker": "1.12.1",
+    "guest_agent": "0.1.0-dev",
+    "jailer": "1.12.1",
+    "kernel": "5.10.210"
+  },
+  "guest": {
+    "agent": {
+      "path": "guest/pyro_guest_agent.py",
+      "sha256": "65bf8a9a57ffd7321463537e598c4b30f0a13046cbd4538f1b65bc351da5d3c0"
+    }
+  },
+  "platform": "linux-x86_64",
  "profiles": {
    "debian-base": {
      "description": "Minimal Debian userspace for shell and core Unix tooling.",
      "kernel": {
        "path": "profiles/debian-base/vmlinux",
-        "sha256": "a0bd6422be1061bb3b70a7895e82f66c25c59022d1e8a72b6fc9cdee4136f108"
+        "sha256": "15bcea4fa224131951888408978ff22fc2173f2782365c0617a900fe029bd8fb"
      },
      "rootfs": {
        "path": "profiles/debian-base/rootfs.ext4",
-        "sha256": "2794a4bdc232b6a6267cfc1eaaa696f0efccd2f8f2e130f3ade736637de89dcd"
-      }
-    },
-    "debian-git": {
-      "description": "Debian base environment with Git preinstalled.",
-      "kernel": {
-        "path": "profiles/debian-git/vmlinux",
-        "sha256": "eaf871c952bf6476f0299b1f501eddc302105e53c99c86161fa815e90cf5bc9f"
-      },
-      "rootfs": {
-        "path": "profiles/debian-git/rootfs.ext4",
-        "sha256": "17863bd1496a9a08d89d6e4c73bd619d39bbe7f6089f1903837525629557c076"
+        "sha256": "46247e10fe9b223b15c4ccc672710c2f3013bf562ed9cf9b48af1f092d966494"
      }
    },
    "debian-build": {
      "description": "Debian Git environment with common build tools for source builds.",
      "kernel": {
        "path": "profiles/debian-build/vmlinux",
-        "sha256": "c33994b1da43cf2f11ac9d437c034eaa71496b566a45028a9ae6f657105dc2b6"
+        "sha256": "15bcea4fa224131951888408978ff22fc2173f2782365c0617a900fe029bd8fb"
      },
      "rootfs": {
        "path": "profiles/debian-build/rootfs.ext4",
-        "sha256": "ac148235c86a51c87228e17a8cf2c9452921886c094de42b470d5f42dab70226"
+        "sha256": "a0e9ec968b0fc6826f94a678164abc8c9b661adf87984184bd08abd1da15d7b6"
+      }
+    },
+    "debian-git": {
+      "description": "Debian base environment with Git preinstalled.",
+      "kernel": {
+        "path": "profiles/debian-git/vmlinux",
+        "sha256": "15bcea4fa224131951888408978ff22fc2173f2782365c0617a900fe029bd8fb"
+      },
+      "rootfs": {
+        "path": "profiles/debian-git/rootfs.ext4",
+        "sha256": "e28ba2e3fa9ed37bcc9fc04a9b4414f0b29d8c7378508e10be78049a38c25894"
      }
    }
  }
--- a/src/pyro_mcp/vm_firecracker.py
+++ b/src/pyro_mcp/vm_firecracker.py
@ -2,6 +2,7 @@

 from __future__ import annotations

+import ipaddress
 import json
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
@ -45,10 +46,29 @@ def build_launch_plan(instance: VmInstanceLike) -> FirecrackerLaunchPlan:
    guest_network_path = instance.workdir / "guest-network.json"
    guest_exec_path = instance.workdir / "guest-exec.json"

+    boot_args = [
+        "console=ttyS0",
+        "reboot=k",
+        "panic=1",
+        "pci=off",
+        "init=/opt/pyro/bin/pyro-init",
+    ]
+    if instance.network is not None:
+        network = ipaddress.ip_network(instance.network.subnet_cidr, strict=False)
+        prefixlen = network.prefixlen
+        boot_args.extend(
+            [
+                f"pyro.guest_ip={instance.network.guest_ip}",
+                f"pyro.gateway_ip={instance.network.gateway_ip}",
+                f"pyro.netmask={prefixlen}",
+                f"pyro.dns={','.join(instance.network.dns_servers)}",
+            ]
+        )
+
    config: dict[str, Any] = {
        "boot-source": {
            "kernel_image_path": instance.metadata["kernel_image"],
-            "boot_args": "console=ttyS0 reboot=k panic=1 pci=off",
+            "boot_args": " ".join(boot_args),
        },
        "drives": [
            {
--- a/tests/test_runtime.py
+++ b/tests/test_runtime.py
@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ def test_resolve_runtime_paths_default_bundle() -> None:
    paths = resolve_runtime_paths()
    assert paths.firecracker_bin.exists()
    assert paths.jailer_bin.exists()
+    assert paths.guest_agent_path is not None
+    assert paths.guest_agent_path.exists()
    assert (paths.artifacts_dir / "debian-git" / "vmlinux").exists()
    assert paths.manifest.get("platform") == "linux-x86_64"

@ -45,8 +47,14 @@ def test_resolve_runtime_paths_checksum_mismatch(
    firecracker_path = copied_platform / "bin" / "firecracker"
    firecracker_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    firecracker_path.write_text("tampered\n", encoding="utf-8")
-    (copied_platform / "bin" / "jailer").write_text(
-        (source.jailer_bin).read_text(encoding="utf-8"),
+    (copied_platform / "bin" / "jailer").write_bytes(source.jailer_bin.read_bytes())
+    guest_agent_path = source.guest_agent_path
+    if guest_agent_path is None:
+        raise AssertionError("expected guest agent in runtime bundle")
+    copied_guest_dir = copied_platform / "guest"
+    copied_guest_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (copied_guest_dir / "pyro_guest_agent.py").write_text(
+        guest_agent_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"),
        encoding="utf-8",
    )
    for profile in ("debian-base", "debian-git", "debian-build"):
@ -54,9 +62,7 @@ def test_resolve_runtime_paths_checksum_mismatch(
        profile_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        for filename in ("vmlinux", "rootfs.ext4"):
            source_file = source.artifacts_dir / profile / filename
-            (profile_dir / filename).write_text(
-                source_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8"), encoding="utf-8"
-            )
+            (profile_dir / filename).write_bytes(source_file.read_bytes())

    monkeypatch.setenv("PYRO_RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR", str(copied_bundle))
    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="checksum mismatch"):
@ -72,6 +78,8 @@ def test_doctor_report_has_runtime_fields() -> None:
        runtime = report.get("runtime")
        assert isinstance(runtime, dict)
        assert "firecracker_bin" in runtime
+        assert "guest_agent_path" in runtime
+        assert "component_versions" in runtime
    networking = report["networking"]
    assert isinstance(networking, dict)
    assert "tun_available" in networking
--- a/tests/test_runtime_build.py
+++ b/tests/test_runtime_build.py
@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+import json
+import tarfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from pyro_mcp.runtime_build import (
+    _build_paths,
+    _load_lock,
+    build_bundle,
+    generate_manifest,
+    materialize_binaries,
+    stage_agent,
+    stage_binaries,
+    stage_kernel,
+    stage_rootfs,
+    validate_sources,
+)
+
+
+def _write_text(path: Path, content: str) -> None:
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def _make_source_tree(tmp_path: Path) -> tuple[Path, Path, Path]:
+    source_dir = tmp_path / "runtime_sources"
+    platform_root = source_dir / "linux-x86_64"
+    _write_text(source_dir / "NOTICE", "notice\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "bin/firecracker", "firecracker\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "bin/jailer", "jailer\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "guest/pyro_guest_agent.py", "#!/usr/bin/env python3\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "profiles/debian-base/vmlinux", "kernel-base\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "profiles/debian-base/rootfs.ext4", "rootfs-base\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "profiles/debian-git/vmlinux", "kernel-git\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "profiles/debian-git/rootfs.ext4", "rootfs-git\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "profiles/debian-build/vmlinux", "kernel-build\n")
+    _write_text(platform_root / "profiles/debian-build/rootfs.ext4", "rootfs-build\n")
+    lock = {
+        "bundle_version": "9.9.9",
+        "platform": "linux-x86_64",
+        "component_versions": {
+            "firecracker": "1.0.0",
+            "jailer": "1.0.0",
+            "kernel": "6.0.0",
+            "guest_agent": "0.2.0",
+            "base_distro": "debian-12",
+        },
+        "capabilities": {"vm_boot": True, "guest_exec": True, "guest_network": True},
+        "binaries": {"firecracker": "bin/firecracker", "jailer": "bin/jailer"},
+        "guest": {"agent": {"path": "guest/pyro_guest_agent.py"}},
+        "profiles": {
+            "debian-base": {
+                "description": "base",
+                "kernel": "profiles/debian-base/vmlinux",
+                "rootfs": "profiles/debian-base/rootfs.ext4",
+            },
+            "debian-git": {
+                "description": "git",
+                "kernel": "profiles/debian-git/vmlinux",
+                "rootfs": "profiles/debian-git/rootfs.ext4",
+            },
+            "debian-build": {
+                "description": "build",
+                "kernel": "profiles/debian-build/vmlinux",
+                "rootfs": "profiles/debian-build/rootfs.ext4",
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    (platform_root / "runtime.lock.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps(lock, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build/runtime_bundle"
+    bundle_dir = tmp_path / "bundle_out"
+    return source_dir, build_dir, bundle_dir
+
+
+def test_runtime_build_stages_and_manifest(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    source_dir, build_dir, bundle_dir = _make_source_tree(tmp_path)
+    paths = _build_paths(
+        source_dir=source_dir,
+        build_dir=build_dir,
+        bundle_dir=bundle_dir,
+        materialized_dir=tmp_path / "materialized_sources",
+        platform="linux-x86_64",
+    )
+    lock = _load_lock(paths)
+
+    paths.build_platform_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    stage_binaries(paths, lock)
+    stage_kernel(paths, lock)
+    stage_rootfs(paths, lock)
+    stage_agent(paths, lock)
+    manifest = generate_manifest(paths, lock)
+
+    assert manifest["bundle_version"] == "9.9.9"
+    assert manifest["capabilities"]["guest_exec"] is True
+    assert manifest["component_versions"]["guest_agent"] == "0.2.0"
+    assert (paths.build_platform_root / "guest/pyro_guest_agent.py").exists()
+
+
+def test_runtime_build_bundle_syncs_output(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    source_dir, build_dir, bundle_dir = _make_source_tree(tmp_path)
+    paths = _build_paths(
+        source_dir=source_dir,
+        build_dir=build_dir,
+        bundle_dir=bundle_dir,
+        materialized_dir=tmp_path / "materialized_sources",
+        platform="linux-x86_64",
+    )
+
+    manifest = build_bundle(paths, sync=True)
+
+    assert manifest["profiles"]["debian-git"]["description"] == "git"
+    assert (bundle_dir / "NOTICE").exists()
+    assert (bundle_dir / "linux-x86_64/manifest.json").exists()
+    assert (bundle_dir / "linux-x86_64/guest/pyro_guest_agent.py").exists()
+
+
+def test_runtime_build_rejects_guest_capabilities_for_placeholder_sources(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    source_dir, build_dir, bundle_dir = _make_source_tree(tmp_path)
+    paths = _build_paths(
+        source_dir=source_dir,
+        build_dir=build_dir,
+        bundle_dir=bundle_dir,
+        materialized_dir=tmp_path / "materialized_sources",
+        platform="linux-x86_64",
+    )
+    lock_path = source_dir / "linux-x86_64/runtime.lock.json"
+    _write_text(
+        source_dir / "linux-x86_64/bin/firecracker",
+        "#!/usr/bin/env bash\n"
+        "echo 'bundled firecracker shim'\n",
+    )
+    _write_text(
+        source_dir / "linux-x86_64/profiles/debian-base/rootfs.ext4",
+        "placeholder-rootfs\n",
+    )
+    lock = json.loads(lock_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    lock["capabilities"] = {"vm_boot": True, "guest_exec": True, "guest_network": True}
+    lock_path.write_text(json.dumps(lock, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="guest-capable features"):
+        validate_sources(paths, _load_lock(paths))
+
+
+def test_runtime_build_materializes_firecracker_release(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    source_dir, build_dir, bundle_dir = _make_source_tree(tmp_path)
+    archive_path = tmp_path / "firecracker-v1.12.1-x86_64.tgz"
+    release_dir = "release-v1.12.1-x86_64"
+    with tarfile.open(archive_path, "w:gz") as archive:
+        firecracker_path = tmp_path / "firecracker-bin"
+        jailer_path = tmp_path / "jailer-bin"
+        firecracker_path.write_text("real-firecracker\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        jailer_path.write_text("real-jailer\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        archive.add(firecracker_path, arcname=f"{release_dir}/firecracker-v1.12.1-x86_64")
+        archive.add(jailer_path, arcname=f"{release_dir}/jailer-v1.12.1-x86_64")
+
+    digest = hashlib.sha256(archive_path.read_bytes()).hexdigest()
+    lock_path = source_dir / "linux-x86_64/runtime.lock.json"
+    lock = json.loads(lock_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    lock["upstream"] = {
+        "firecracker_release": {
+            "archive_url": archive_path.resolve().as_uri(),
+            "archive_sha256": digest,
+            "firecracker_member": f"{release_dir}/firecracker-v1.12.1-x86_64",
+            "jailer_member": f"{release_dir}/jailer-v1.12.1-x86_64",
+        }
+    }
+    lock_path.write_text(json.dumps(lock, indent=2) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    paths = _build_paths(
+        source_dir=source_dir,
+        build_dir=build_dir,
+        bundle_dir=bundle_dir,
+        materialized_dir=tmp_path / "materialized_sources",
+        platform="linux-x86_64",
+    )
+    materialize_binaries(paths, _load_lock(paths))
+
+    assert (paths.materialized_platform_root / "bin/firecracker").read_text(encoding="utf-8") == (
+        "real-firecracker\n"
+    )
+    assert (paths.materialized_platform_root / "bin/jailer").read_text(encoding="utf-8") == (
+        "real-jailer\n"
+    )
--- a/tests/test_vm_firecracker.py
+++ b/tests/test_vm_firecracker.py
@ -47,5 +47,8 @@ def test_build_launch_plan_writes_expected_files(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
    rendered = json.loads(plan.config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
    assert rendered["machine-config"]["vcpu_count"] == 2
    assert rendered["network-interfaces"][0]["host_dev_name"] == "pyroabcdef12"
+    assert "init=/opt/pyro/bin/pyro-init" in rendered["boot-source"]["boot_args"]
+    assert "pyro.guest_ip=172.29.100.2" in rendered["boot-source"]["boot_args"]
+    assert "pyro.gateway_ip=172.29.100.1" in rendered["boot-source"]["boot_args"]
    guest_exec = json.loads(plan.guest_exec_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
    assert guest_exec["transport"] == "vsock"