# pyro-mcp `pyro-mcp` is a stable agent workspace product for one-shot commands and persistent work inside ephemeral Firecracker microVMs using curated Linux environments such as `debian:12`. [![PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pyro-mcp.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/pyro-mcp/) This is for coding agents, MCP clients, and developers who want isolated command execution and stable disposable workspaces in ephemeral microVMs. It exposes the same runtime in three public forms: - the `pyro` CLI - the Python SDK via `from pyro_mcp import Pyro` - an MCP server so LLM clients can call VM tools directly ## Start Here - Install: [docs/install.md](docs/install.md) - Vision: [docs/vision.md](docs/vision.md) - Workspace GA roadmap: [docs/roadmap/task-workspace-ga.md](docs/roadmap/task-workspace-ga.md) - LLM chat roadmap: [docs/roadmap/llm-chat-ergonomics.md](docs/roadmap/llm-chat-ergonomics.md) - Use-case recipes: [docs/use-cases/README.md](docs/use-cases/README.md) - First run transcript: [docs/first-run.md](docs/first-run.md) - Stable workspace walkthrough GIF: [docs/assets/workspace-first-run.gif](docs/assets/workspace-first-run.gif) - Terminal walkthrough GIF: [docs/assets/first-run.gif](docs/assets/first-run.gif) - PyPI package: [pypi.org/project/pyro-mcp](https://pypi.org/project/pyro-mcp/) - What's new in 3.10.0: [CHANGELOG.md#3100](CHANGELOG.md#3100) - Host requirements: [docs/host-requirements.md](docs/host-requirements.md) - Integration targets: [docs/integrations.md](docs/integrations.md) - Public contract: [docs/public-contract.md](docs/public-contract.md) - Troubleshooting: [docs/troubleshooting.md](docs/troubleshooting.md) - Changelog: [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) ## Quickstart Use either of these equivalent quickstart paths: ```bash # Package without install python -m pip install uv uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro doctor uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro env list uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro env pull debian:12 uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro run debian:12 -- git --version ``` ![Quickstart walkthrough](docs/assets/first-run.gif) ```bash # Already installed pyro doctor pyro env list pyro env pull debian:12 pyro run debian:12 -- git --version ``` From a repo checkout, replace `pyro` with `uv run pyro`. What success looks like: ```bash Platform: linux-x86_64 Runtime: PASS Catalog version: 3.10.0 ... [pull] phase=install environment=debian:12 [pull] phase=ready environment=debian:12 Pulled: debian:12 ... [run] phase=create environment=debian:12 [run] phase=start vm_id=... [run] phase=execute vm_id=... [run] environment=debian:12 execution_mode=guest_vsock exit_code=0 duration_ms=... git version ... ``` The first pull downloads an OCI environment from public Docker Hub, requires outbound HTTPS access to `registry-1.docker.io`, and needs local cache space for the guest image. ## Stable Workspace Path `pyro run` is the stable one-shot entrypoint. `pyro workspace ...` is the stable path when an agent needs one sandbox to stay alive across repeated commands, shells, services, checkpoints, diffs, exports, and reset. After that stable walkthrough works, continue with the recipe set in [docs/use-cases/README.md](docs/use-cases/README.md). It packages the five core workspace stories into documented flows plus real guest-backed smoke targets such as `make smoke-use-cases` and `make smoke-repro-fix-loop`. At this point `make smoke-use-cases` is the trustworthy guest-backed release-gate path for the advertised workspace workflows. The commands below use plain `pyro ...`. Run the same flow with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro ...` for the published package, or `uv run pyro ...` from a source checkout. ```bash uv tool install pyro-mcp WORKSPACE_ID="$(pyro workspace create debian:12 --seed-path ./repo --name repro-fix --label issue=123 --id-only)" pyro workspace list pyro workspace update "$WORKSPACE_ID" --label owner=codex pyro workspace sync push "$WORKSPACE_ID" ./changes pyro workspace file read "$WORKSPACE_ID" note.txt --content-only pyro workspace patch apply "$WORKSPACE_ID" --patch-file fix.patch pyro workspace exec "$WORKSPACE_ID" -- cat note.txt pyro workspace snapshot create "$WORKSPACE_ID" checkpoint pyro workspace service start "$WORKSPACE_ID" web --ready-file .web-ready -- sh -lc 'touch .web-ready && while true; do sleep 60; done' pyro workspace reset "$WORKSPACE_ID" --snapshot checkpoint pyro workspace export "$WORKSPACE_ID" note.txt --output ./note.txt pyro workspace delete "$WORKSPACE_ID" ``` ![Stable workspace walkthrough](docs/assets/workspace-first-run.gif) That stable workspace path gives you: - initial host-in seeding with `--seed-path` - discovery metadata with `--name`, `--label`, `workspace list`, and `workspace update` - later host-in updates with `workspace sync push` - model-native file inspection and text edits with `workspace file *` and `workspace patch apply` - one-shot commands with `workspace exec` and persistent PTYs with `workspace shell *` - long-running processes with `workspace service *` - explicit checkpoints with `workspace snapshot *` - full-sandbox recovery with `workspace reset` - baseline comparison with `workspace diff` - explicit host-out export with `workspace export` - secondary stopped-workspace disk inspection with `workspace stop|start` and `workspace disk *` After the quickstart works: - prove the full one-shot lifecycle with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro demo` - start most chat hosts with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro mcp serve --profile workspace-core` - create a persistent workspace with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace create debian:12 --seed-path ./repo` - add a human-friendly workspace name with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace create debian:12 --name repro-fix --label issue=123` - rediscover or retag workspaces with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace list` and `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace update WORKSPACE_ID --label owner=codex` - update a live workspace from the host with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace sync push WORKSPACE_ID ./changes` - enable outbound guest networking for one workspace with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace create debian:12 --network-policy egress` - add literal or file-backed secrets with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace create debian:12 --secret API_TOKEN=expected --secret-file PIP_TOKEN=./token.txt` - map one persisted secret into one exec, shell, or service call with `--secret-env API_TOKEN` - inspect and edit files without shell quoting with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace file read WORKSPACE_ID src/app.py --content-only`, `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace file write WORKSPACE_ID src/app.py --text-file ./app.py`, and `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace patch apply WORKSPACE_ID --patch-file fix.patch` - diff the live workspace against its create-time baseline with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace diff WORKSPACE_ID` - capture a checkpoint with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace snapshot create WORKSPACE_ID checkpoint` - reset a broken workspace with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace reset WORKSPACE_ID --snapshot checkpoint` - export a changed file or directory with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace export WORKSPACE_ID note.txt --output ./note.txt` - open a persistent interactive shell with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace shell open WORKSPACE_ID --id-only` - start long-running workspace services with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace service start WORKSPACE_ID app --ready-file .ready -- sh -lc 'touch .ready && while true; do sleep 60; done'` - publish one guest service port to the host with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace create debian:12 --network-policy egress+published-ports` and `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace service start WORKSPACE_ID app --ready-http http://127.0.0.1:8080/ --publish 18080:8080 -- ./start-app` - stop a workspace for offline inspection with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace stop WORKSPACE_ID` - inspect or export one stopped guest rootfs with `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace disk list WORKSPACE_ID`, `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace disk read WORKSPACE_ID note.txt --content-only`, and `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro workspace disk export WORKSPACE_ID --output ./workspace.ext4` - move to Python or MCP via [docs/integrations.md](docs/integrations.md) ## Chat Host Quickstart For most MCP chat hosts, start with `workspace-core`. It exposes the practical persistent editing loop without shells, services, snapshots, secrets, network policy, or disk tools. ```bash uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro mcp serve --profile workspace-core ``` Minimal MCP config: ```json { "mcpServers": { "pyro": { "command": "uvx", "args": ["--from", "pyro-mcp", "pyro", "mcp", "serve", "--profile", "workspace-core"] } } } ``` Profile progression: - `workspace-core`: recommended first profile for normal persistent chat editing - `vm-run`: smallest one-shot-only surface - `workspace-full`: advanced 3.x compatibility surface when the chat truly needs shells, services, snapshots, secrets, network policy, or disk tools ## Supported Hosts Supported today: - Linux x86_64 - Python 3.12+ - `uv` - `/dev/kvm` Optional for outbound guest networking: - `ip` - `nft` or `iptables` - privilege to create TAP devices and configure NAT Not supported today: - macOS - Windows - Linux hosts without working KVM at `/dev/kvm` ## Detailed Walkthrough If you want the expanded version of the canonical quickstart, use the step-by-step flow below. ### 1. Check the host ```bash uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro doctor ``` Expected success signals: ```bash Platform: linux-x86_64 Runtime: PASS KVM: exists=yes readable=yes writable=yes Environment cache: /home/you/.cache/pyro-mcp/environments Capabilities: vm_boot=yes guest_exec=yes guest_network=yes Networking: tun=yes ip_forward=yes ``` ### 2. Inspect the catalog ```bash uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro env list ``` Expected output: ```bash Catalog version: 3.10.0 debian:12 [installed|not installed] Debian 12 environment with Git preinstalled for common agent workflows. debian:12-base [installed|not installed] Minimal Debian 12 environment for shell and core Unix tooling. debian:12-build [installed|not installed] Debian 12 environment with Git and common build tools preinstalled. ``` ### 3. Pull the default environment ```bash uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro env pull debian:12 ``` The first pull downloads an OCI environment from public Docker Hub, requires outbound HTTPS access to `registry-1.docker.io`, and needs local cache space for the guest image. See [docs/host-requirements.md](docs/host-requirements.md) for the full host requirements. ### 4. Run one command in a guest ```bash uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro run debian:12 -- git --version ``` Expected success signals: ```bash [run] environment=debian:12 execution_mode=guest_vsock exit_code=0 duration_ms=... git version ... ``` The guest command output and the `[run] ...` summary are written to different streams, so they may appear in either order in terminals or capture tools. Use `--json` if you need a deterministic structured result. ### 5. Optional demos ```bash uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro demo uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro demo --network ``` `pyro demo` proves the one-shot create/start/exec/delete VM lifecycle works end to end. Example output: ```json { "cleanup": { "deleted": true, "reason": "post_exec_cleanup", "vm_id": "..." }, "command": "git --version", "environment": "debian:12", "execution_mode": "guest_vsock", "exit_code": 0, "stdout": "git version ...\n" } ``` When you are done evaluating and want to remove stale cached environments, run `pyro env prune`. If you prefer a fuller copy-pasteable transcript, see [docs/first-run.md](docs/first-run.md). The walkthrough GIF above was rendered from [docs/assets/first-run.tape](docs/assets/first-run.tape) using [scripts/render_tape.sh](scripts/render_tape.sh). ## Stable Workspaces Use `pyro run` for one-shot commands. Use `pyro workspace ...` when you need repeated commands in one workspace without recreating the sandbox every time. The project direction is an agent workspace, not a CI job runner. Persistent workspaces are meant to let an agent stay inside one bounded sandbox across multiple steps. See [docs/vision.md](docs/vision.md) for the product thesis and the longer-term interaction model. ```bash pyro workspace create debian:12 --seed-path ./repo pyro workspace create debian:12 --network-policy egress pyro workspace create debian:12 --seed-path ./repo --secret API_TOKEN=expected pyro workspace create debian:12 --network-policy egress+published-ports pyro workspace sync push WORKSPACE_ID ./changes --dest src pyro workspace file list WORKSPACE_ID src --recursive pyro workspace file read WORKSPACE_ID src/note.txt --content-only pyro workspace file write WORKSPACE_ID src/app.py --text-file ./app.py pyro workspace patch apply WORKSPACE_ID --patch-file fix.patch pyro workspace exec WORKSPACE_ID -- cat src/note.txt pyro workspace exec WORKSPACE_ID --secret-env API_TOKEN -- sh -lc 'test "$API_TOKEN" = "expected"' pyro workspace diff WORKSPACE_ID pyro workspace snapshot create WORKSPACE_ID checkpoint pyro workspace reset WORKSPACE_ID --snapshot checkpoint pyro workspace reset WORKSPACE_ID pyro workspace export WORKSPACE_ID src/note.txt --output ./note.txt pyro workspace shell open WORKSPACE_ID --secret-env API_TOKEN --id-only pyro workspace shell write WORKSPACE_ID SHELL_ID --input 'pwd' pyro workspace shell read WORKSPACE_ID SHELL_ID --plain --wait-for-idle-ms 300 pyro workspace shell close WORKSPACE_ID SHELL_ID pyro workspace service start WORKSPACE_ID web --secret-env API_TOKEN --ready-file .web-ready -- sh -lc 'touch .web-ready && while true; do sleep 60; done' pyro workspace service start WORKSPACE_ID worker --ready-file .worker-ready -- sh -lc 'touch .worker-ready && while true; do sleep 60; done' pyro workspace service start WORKSPACE_ID app --ready-http http://127.0.0.1:8080/ --publish 18080:8080 -- ./start-app pyro workspace service list WORKSPACE_ID pyro workspace service status WORKSPACE_ID web pyro workspace service logs WORKSPACE_ID web --tail-lines 50 pyro workspace service stop WORKSPACE_ID web pyro workspace service stop WORKSPACE_ID worker pyro workspace stop WORKSPACE_ID pyro workspace disk list WORKSPACE_ID pyro workspace disk read WORKSPACE_ID src/note.txt --content-only pyro workspace disk export WORKSPACE_ID --output ./workspace.ext4 pyro workspace start WORKSPACE_ID pyro workspace logs WORKSPACE_ID pyro workspace delete WORKSPACE_ID ``` Persistent workspaces start in `/workspace` and keep command history until you delete them. For machine consumption, use `--id-only` for only the identifier or `--json` for the full workspace payload. Use `--seed-path` when you want the workspace to start from a host directory or a local `.tar` / `.tar.gz` / `.tgz` archive instead of an empty workspace. Use `pyro workspace sync push` when you want to import later host-side changes into a started workspace. Sync is non-atomic in `3.10.0`; if it fails partway through, prefer `pyro workspace reset` to recover from `baseline` or one named snapshot. Use `pyro workspace diff` to compare the live `/workspace` tree to its immutable create-time baseline, and `pyro workspace export` to copy one changed file or directory back to the host. Use `pyro workspace snapshot *` and `pyro workspace reset` when you want explicit checkpoints and full-sandbox recovery. Use `pyro workspace exec` for one-shot non-interactive commands inside a live workspace, and `pyro workspace shell *` when you need a persistent PTY session that keeps interactive shell state between calls. Prefer `pyro workspace shell read --plain --wait-for-idle-ms 300` for chat-facing shell reads. Use `pyro workspace service *` when the workspace needs one or more long-running background processes. Typed readiness checks prefer `--ready-file`, `--ready-tcp`, or `--ready-http`; keep `--ready-command` as the escape hatch. Service metadata and logs live outside `/workspace`, so the internal service state does not appear in `pyro workspace diff` or `pyro workspace export`. Use `--network-policy egress` when the workspace needs outbound guest networking, and `--network-policy egress+published-ports` plus `workspace service start --publish` when one service must be probed from the host on `127.0.0.1`. Use `--secret` and `--secret-file` at workspace creation when the sandbox needs private tokens or config. Persisted secrets are materialized inside the guest at `/run/pyro-secrets/`, and `--secret-env SECRET_NAME[=ENV_VAR]` maps one secret into one exec, shell, or service call without exposing the raw value in workspace status, logs, diffs, or exports. Use `pyro workspace stop` plus `pyro workspace disk list|read|export` when you need offline inspection or one raw ext4 copy from a stopped guest-backed workspace, then `pyro workspace start` to resume the same workspace. ## Public Interfaces The public user-facing interface is `pyro` and `Pyro`. After the CLI validation path works, you can choose one of three surfaces: - `pyro` for direct CLI usage, including one-shot `run` and persistent `workspace` workflows - `from pyro_mcp import Pyro` for Python orchestration - `pyro mcp serve --profile workspace-core` for MCP clients Command forms: - published package without install: `uvx --from pyro-mcp pyro ...` - installed package: `pyro ...` - source checkout: `uv run pyro ...` `Makefile` targets are contributor conveniences for this repository and are not the primary product UX. ## Official Environments Current official environments in the shipped catalog: - `debian:12` - `debian:12-base` - `debian:12-build` The package ships the embedded Firecracker runtime and a package-controlled environment catalog. Official environments are pulled as OCI artifacts from public Docker Hub repositories into a local cache on first use or through `pyro env pull`. End users do not need registry credentials to pull or run official environments. The default cache location is `~/.cache/pyro-mcp/environments`; override it with `PYRO_ENVIRONMENT_CACHE_DIR`. ## CLI List available environments: ```bash pyro env list ``` Prefetch one environment: ```bash pyro env pull debian:12 ``` Run one command in an ephemeral VM: ```bash pyro run debian:12 -- git --version ``` Run with outbound internet enabled: ```bash pyro run debian:12 --network -- \ 'python3 -c "import urllib.request; print(urllib.request.urlopen(\"https://example.com\", timeout=10).status)"' ``` Show runtime and host diagnostics: ```bash pyro doctor pyro doctor --json ``` `pyro run` defaults to `1 vCPU / 1024 MiB`. It fails closed when guest boot or guest exec is unavailable. Use `--allow-host-compat` only if you explicitly want host execution. Run the MCP server after the CLI path above works. Start most chat hosts with `workspace-core`: ```bash pyro mcp serve --profile workspace-core ``` Profile progression for chat hosts: - `workspace-core`: recommended first profile for normal persistent chat editing - `vm-run`: expose only `vm_run` for one-shot-only hosts - `workspace-full`: expose shells, services, snapshots, secrets, network policy, and disk tools when the chat truly needs the full stable surface Run the deterministic demo: ```bash pyro demo pyro demo --network ``` Run the Ollama demo: ```bash ollama serve ollama pull llama3.2:3b pyro demo ollama ``` ## Python SDK ```python from pyro_mcp import Pyro pyro = Pyro() result = pyro.run_in_vm( environment="debian:12", command="git --version", timeout_seconds=30, network=False, ) print(result["stdout"]) ``` Lower-level lifecycle control remains available: ```python from pyro_mcp import Pyro pyro = Pyro() created = pyro.create_vm( environment="debian:12", ttl_seconds=600, network=True, ) vm_id = created["vm_id"] pyro.start_vm(vm_id) result = pyro.exec_vm(vm_id, command="git --version", timeout_seconds=30) print(result["stdout"]) ``` `exec_vm()` is a one-command auto-cleaning call. After it returns, the VM is already deleted. Environment management is also available through the SDK: ```python from pyro_mcp import Pyro pyro = Pyro() print(pyro.list_environments()) print(pyro.inspect_environment("debian:12")) ``` For repeated commands in one workspace: ```python from pyro_mcp import Pyro pyro = Pyro() workspace = pyro.create_workspace(environment="debian:12", seed_path="./repo") workspace_id = workspace["workspace_id"] try: pyro.push_workspace_sync(workspace_id, "./changes", dest="src") result = pyro.exec_workspace(workspace_id, command="cat src/note.txt") print(result["stdout"], end="") finally: pyro.delete_workspace(workspace_id) ``` ## MCP Tools Primary agent-facing tool: - `vm_run(environment, command, vcpu_count=1, mem_mib=1024, timeout_seconds=30, ttl_seconds=600, network=false, allow_host_compat=false)` Advanced lifecycle tools: - `vm_list_environments()` - `vm_create(environment, vcpu_count=1, mem_mib=1024, ttl_seconds=600, network=false, allow_host_compat=false)` - `vm_start(vm_id)` - `vm_exec(vm_id, command, timeout_seconds=30)` auto-cleans the VM after that command - `vm_stop(vm_id)` - `vm_delete(vm_id)` - `vm_status(vm_id)` - `vm_network_info(vm_id)` - `vm_reap_expired()` Persistent workspace tools: - `workspace_create(environment, vcpu_count=1, mem_mib=1024, ttl_seconds=600, network_policy="off", allow_host_compat=false, seed_path=null, secrets=null)` - `workspace_sync_push(workspace_id, source_path, dest="/workspace")` - `workspace_exec(workspace_id, command, timeout_seconds=30, secret_env=null)` - `workspace_export(workspace_id, path, output_path)` - `workspace_diff(workspace_id)` - `snapshot_create(workspace_id, snapshot_name)` - `snapshot_list(workspace_id)` - `snapshot_delete(workspace_id, snapshot_name)` - `workspace_reset(workspace_id, snapshot="baseline")` - `service_start(workspace_id, service_name, command, cwd="/workspace", readiness=null, ready_timeout_seconds=30, ready_interval_ms=500, secret_env=null, published_ports=null)` - `service_list(workspace_id)` - `service_status(workspace_id, service_name)` - `service_logs(workspace_id, service_name, tail_lines=200)` - `service_stop(workspace_id, service_name)` - `shell_open(workspace_id, cwd="/workspace", cols=120, rows=30, secret_env=null)` - `shell_read(workspace_id, shell_id, cursor=0, max_chars=65536, plain=False, wait_for_idle_ms=None)` - `shell_write(workspace_id, shell_id, input, append_newline=true)` - `shell_signal(workspace_id, shell_id, signal_name="INT")` - `shell_close(workspace_id, shell_id)` - `workspace_status(workspace_id)` - `workspace_logs(workspace_id)` - `workspace_delete(workspace_id)` Recommended MCP tool profiles: - `vm-run`: `vm_run` only - `workspace-core`: `vm_run`, `workspace_create`, `workspace_list`, `workspace_update`, `workspace_status`, `workspace_sync_push`, `workspace_exec`, `workspace_logs`, `workspace_file_list`, `workspace_file_read`, `workspace_file_write`, `workspace_patch_apply`, `workspace_diff`, `workspace_export`, `workspace_reset`, `workspace_delete` - `workspace-full`: the complete stable MCP surface above ## Integration Examples - Python one-shot SDK example: [examples/python_run.py](examples/python_run.py) - Python lifecycle example: [examples/python_lifecycle.py](examples/python_lifecycle.py) - Python workspace example: [examples/python_workspace.py](examples/python_workspace.py) - MCP client config example: [examples/mcp_client_config.md](examples/mcp_client_config.md) - Claude Desktop MCP config: [examples/claude_desktop_mcp_config.json](examples/claude_desktop_mcp_config.json) - Cursor MCP config: [examples/cursor_mcp_config.json](examples/cursor_mcp_config.json) - OpenAI Responses API example: [examples/openai_responses_vm_run.py](examples/openai_responses_vm_run.py) - OpenAI Responses `workspace-core` example: [examples/openai_responses_workspace_core.py](examples/openai_responses_workspace_core.py) - LangChain wrapper example: [examples/langchain_vm_run.py](examples/langchain_vm_run.py) - Agent-ready `vm_run` example: [examples/agent_vm_run.py](examples/agent_vm_run.py) ## Runtime The package ships an embedded Linux x86_64 runtime payload with: - Firecracker - Jailer - guest agent - runtime manifest and diagnostics No system Firecracker installation is required. `pyro` installs curated environments into a local cache and reports their status through `pyro env inspect` and `pyro doctor`. The public CLI is human-readable by default; add `--json` for structured output. ## Contributor Workflow For work inside this repository: ```bash make help make setup make check make dist-check ``` Contributor runtime sources live under `runtime_sources/`. The packaged runtime bundle under `src/pyro_mcp/runtime_bundle/` contains the embedded boot/runtime assets plus manifest metadata; end-user environment installs pull OCI-published environments by default. Use `PYRO_RUNTIME_BUNDLE_DIR=build/runtime_bundle` only when you are explicitly validating a locally built contributor runtime bundle. Official environment publication is performed locally against Docker Hub: ```bash export DOCKERHUB_USERNAME='your-dockerhub-username' export DOCKERHUB_TOKEN='your-dockerhub-token' make runtime-materialize make runtime-publish-official-environments-oci ``` `make runtime-publish-environment-oci` auto-exports the OCI layout for the selected environment if it is missing. The publisher accepts either `DOCKERHUB_USERNAME` and `DOCKERHUB_TOKEN` or `OCI_REGISTRY_USERNAME` and `OCI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD`. Docker Hub uploads are chunked by default for large rootfs layers; if you need to tune a slow link, use `PYRO_OCI_UPLOAD_TIMEOUT_SECONDS`, `PYRO_OCI_UPLOAD_CHUNK_SIZE_BYTES`, and `PYRO_OCI_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS`. For a local PyPI publish: ```bash export TWINE_PASSWORD='pypi-...' make pypi-publish ``` `make pypi-publish` defaults `TWINE_USERNAME` to `__token__`. Set `PYPI_REPOSITORY_URL=https://test.pypi.org/legacy/` to publish to TestPyPI instead.